(KE Fellowship) Building resilience: Support and Advice for Volcanic Emergency Response (SAVER)

世界上大约十分之一的人口生活在火山灾害的潜在影响范围内，火山活动经常造成生命损失，自1900年以来约有9万人死亡。世界各地火山的人口不断增加，这意味着即使是相对较小的喷发也可能对当地社区产生非常重大的影响，因为它们会被火山流或瀑布淹没，掩埋和摧毁房屋和基础设施，并造成居民伤亡。通过充分的准备和训练，可以提高救灾工作和搜救行动的水平。应急管理人员、援助机构和应急响应人员（如军队、应急服务、搜救组织）必须迅速了解和评估情况，以认识到影响的规模和幸存者的可能性、自身面临的风险，以及减少损失和促进更好结果的有效战略。然而，在过去20年里，世界上86个火山活跃国家中只有40个经历了火山爆发，在人口稠密地区应对火山紧急情况的经验更少。因此，很少有应急人员或相关决策者有火山爆发的个人或专业经验。该研究金将形成一个跨学科协作社区，使学术界、地质机构、火山观测站和应急响应等利益攸关方能够共享和流动相关知识，共同开发一系列可获取的资源。综合这些知识将有助于为有效的应急规划和行动提供信息，使应急人员能够识别危险和警告标志，并采取适当行动，减少他们自己和他们寻求帮助的人面临的风险，最终目标是减少应急人员之间的伤亡，提高伤亡人员的存活率，并促进有效的恢复行动。已经建立了一个包括第一响应者、学者、援助机构和天文台科学家在内的利益相关者网络，以便为该提案和奖学金的制定提供信息，从而广泛确定火山应急反应的需求。这将通过与火山活跃地区用户的接触进一步发展。解决这些需求所需的知识可以从英国和海外的经验和专业知识以及科学和灰色文献中获得。资源将与项目合作者和用户共同设计。这些资源将包括火山应对指南，这是许多危险的标准，但目前还没有适用于火山；技术简报，更深入地了解各种因素；还有培训材料。将与最终用户进行资源评价和修改，包括国内讲习班和培训活动。包括危地马拉和加勒比地区在内的案例研究地点将使重点讨论和满足具体的当地需求和敏感性，新西兰将成为最佳做法的重点。通过一系列讲习班、问卷调查和与用户的访谈进行共同发展，将能够确定和克服障碍，促进购买和所有权意识，并鼓励吸收。将建立一个全球火山应急网络，作为一个实践共同体，鼓励国际社会分享资源、故事、经验和专门知识。这些资源将由全球火山模型（GVM）和国际火山健康危害网络（IVHHN）在线托管，以确保它们的寿命。

About a tenth of the world's population live within the potential footprint of volcanic hazards, and lives are regularly lost through volcanic activity, with about 90,000 deaths since 1900. Growing populations around the world's volcanoes means that even relatively small eruptions may have very significant impacts in local communities, as they are inundated with volcanic flows or falls, burying and destroying homes and infrastructure and killing and injuring inhabitants. Relief efforts and search and rescue (SAR) operations can be improved through thorough preparation and training. Emergency managers, aid agencies and emergency responders (e.g. military, emergency services, SAR organisations) must rapidly understand and assess the situation to recognise the scale of the impact and the likelihood of survivors, the risks to themselves, and effective strategies to reduce losses and promote better outcomes. However, only 40 of over 86 volcanically active countries in the world have experienced eruptions in the last 20 years, and fewer still have experience of responding to a volcanic emergency in a populated area. Few emergency responders or related decision makers therefore have any personal or professional experience of eruptions. This fellowship will form an inter-disciplinary collaborative community, enabling the sharing and flow of relevant knowledge among stakeholders, including in academia, geological agencies, volcano observatories and emergency response, to co-develop a series of accessible resources. The synthesis of this knowledge will help inform effective emergency planning and operations, enabling responders to recognise hazards and warning signs, and take appropriate action to reduce the risk to themselves and those they're seeking to help, with the ultimate aim of reducing deaths and injuries amongst responders, improving survival rates for casualties and facilitating effective recovery operations.A network of stakeholders, including first responders, academics, aid agencies, and observatory scientists has been built to inform the development of this proposal and fellowship, allowing broad identification of the needs in volcanic emergency response. This will be further developed through engagement with users in volcanically active areas. The knowledge required to address these needs is available in experience and expertise and in scientific and grey literature held within the UK and overseas. Resources will be co-designed with project collaborators and users. These resources will include guidelines in volcanic response, which are standard for many hazards but not currently available for volcanoes; technical briefings allowing more in-depth knowledge of the various factors; and training materials. Periods of evaluation and modification of resources will be undertaken with end users, including in-country workshops and training exercises. Case study locations including Guatemala and the Caribbean will enable focussed discussion and the meeting of specific local needs and sensitivities, and New Zealand will be a focus for best practice. Co-development through a series of workshops, questionnaires and interviews with users will enable barriers to be identified and overcome, promote buy-in and a sense of ownership, and encourage uptake. A global volcanic emergency response network will be developed, as a community of practice, to encourage the sharing of resources, stories, experience and expertise amongst the global community. The resources will be hosted online by Global Volcano Model (GVM) and the International Volcanic Health Hazard Network (IVHHN) ensuring their longevity.