SAGES: Systems Approach for Greener, Eco-efficient and Sustainable mineral resource management

矿产资源的可持续管理要求一方面兼顾经济发展和负责任的管理，另一方面兼顾社区利益和环境保护。菲律宾是世界第五大矿产资源丰富的国家，其金属资源资产价值超过1万亿美元，但其开采并未最大化。自2006年以来，资源行业对国家的效益一直低于GDP的1.4%，公众对采矿业的看法是负面的。我们建议制定绿色、生态高效和可持续（SAGES）矿产资源管理框架的系统方法，作为一个统一的框架，支持菲律宾采矿业向经济可持续、社会负责和环境敏感的行业过渡。sage背后的核心思想是，将传统矿山转变为未来矿山，将矿山废物转变为二次资源，可以同时减少废物的产生，为利益攸关方提供额外的经济利益，赋予东道国社区权力，改善恢复方案，从而提供必要的范式转变，以刺激菲律宾资源开采部门的增长。伙伴关系和项目发展（PPD）阶段最初分为六个主题：(i)先进废物特性；废物的再处理；（三）副产品的再利用；（iv）废水、矿井排水和受污染土壤的处理/补救；通过生物指标进行康复和监测；（六）跨采矿价值链的多准则系统分析。这些主题将根据所有利益攸关方（矿业公司、国家和地方政府单位、民间社会组织和东道社区）的需求和期望，根据PPD进程的信息进一步精简。利益相关者在PPD期间的参与将确保sage框架i)可根据当地情况定制和扩展；Ii)考虑废物的异质性；Iii)创造新的市场和社会经济文化机会；将采矿相关活动转化为可靠的税收来源。SAGES矿产资源管理框架还设想了对气候和文化敏感的采矿后土地利用，而不是传统的“重新种植”战略，这种方法即使在矿山关闭后也能为当地社区创造价值。采矿和资源部门的多方面问题可以通过汇集行业领袖、社会环境科学家和技术专家，并制定一个能够整合、翻译和交流各学科数据的总体框架来有效解决。PPD过程和SAGES矿产资源管理框架的改进将由一个国际财团提供，该财团包括来自伦敦帝国理工学院、格兰瑟姆气候变化与环境研究所和伦敦自然历史博物馆的地质学、矿物加工和气候专家、德拉萨大学的化学和系统工程师、来自棉兰老州立大学-伊利根理工学院和棉兰老中央大学的废物管理和社会环境科学家、多家矿业公司（阿加莎矿业公司和卡门铜业公司）以及来自澳大利亚（新南威尔士大学和科廷大学）的湿法冶金学家和环境地球化学家。伙伴关系和项目发展（PPD）阶段的成果将是一个精简的专门针对菲律宾的SAGES框架，解决所有利益相关者的需求和制约因素。PPD过程将通过网络和利益相关者的参与来加强和进一步建立伙伴关系，根据现有的新兴技术确定和描述所需的决策支持工具，并明确认识社区、政府和行业的需求和期望。

Sustainable management of mineral resources requires a balance of economic development and responsible governance on the one side and community benefits together with environmental protection on the other. The Philippines is the world's fifth most mineral-rich country with metal resource assets valued over USD 1 trillion, but their exploitation has not been maximised. Benefits to the country by the resource sector remain <1.4% of GDP since 2006 and mining is perceived negatively by the public. We propose to develop the Systems Approach for Greener, Eco-efficient and Sustainable (SAGES) mineral resource management framework as a unifying framework that will support Philippine mining in its transition into an economically sustainable, socially responsible and environmentally sensitive industry. The core idea behind SAGES is that transforming legacy mines into future mines and mine wastes into secondary resources can simultaneously reduce waste generation, provide additional economic benefits to stakeholders, empower host communities and improve rehabilitation programmes and therefore provide the paradigm shift necessary to stimulate growth of the resource extraction sector in the Philippines. The partnership and project development (PPD) stage is initially organized in six themes: (i) advanced waste characterization; (ii) reprocessing of wastes; (iii) repurposing of by-products; (iv) treatment/remediation of wastewater, mine drainage and polluted soils; (v) rehabilitation and monitoring via bioindicators; and (vi) multi-criteria systems analysis across the mining value chain. These themes will be further streamlined based on the needs and expectations of all stakeholders (mining companies, national and local government units, civil society organisations and host communities), as informed by the PPD process. Stakeholder engagements during PPD will ensure that the SAGES framework i) is customisable and scalable to local contexts; ii) accounts for waste heterogeneity; iii) creates new markets and socio-economic-cultural opportunities; and iv) transforms mining-related activities into reliable tax revenue streams. The SAGES mineral resource management framework also envisions post-mining land uses that are climate- and culture-sensitive instead of traditional "replanting" strategies, an approach that creates value to host communities even after mine closure. The multifaceted problems of the mining and resource sectors can be addressed effectively by pooling together industry leaders, socio-environmental scientists and technology experts and developing an overarching framework capable of integrating, translating and communicating data across various disciplines. The PPD process and refinement of the SAGES mineral resource management framework will be delivered by an international consortium including geology, mineral processing and climate experts from Imperial College London, the Grantham Institute for climate change and the environment and the London Natural History Museum, chemical and systems engineers from De La Salle University, waste management and socio-environmental scientists from Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology and Central Mindanao University, multiple mining companies (Agatha Mining Ventures Inc. and Carmen Copper Corporation) and hydrometallurgists and environmental geochemists from Australia (University of New South Wales and Curtin University). The outcome from the partnership and project development (PPD) stage will be a streamlined SAGES framework specialized for the Philippines, addressing the needs and constraints of all stakeholders. The PPD process will strengthen and further establish partnerships through networking and stakeholder engagements, identify and characterize the decision support tools needed in light of emerging technologies available, and recognize community, government and industry needs and expectations explicitly.