ENERGY EXPENDITURE DURING DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY

肥胖，目前影响着25%的儿童，是 儿童高血压的主要原因，并且仍然是非 胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、冠心病和早期死亡 一直持续到成年。不幸的是，中国的肥胖率 尽管我们的社会变得越来越多，但孩子们正在增加 具有健康和健身意识。这项计划的目标是：1. 在能量消耗方面描述肥胖前期状态， 体力活动和身体成分。2.确定环境和环境 人类肥胖发展的表型标记物。3.派生 根据测量结果估算儿童的能量需求量 能量消耗，而不是能量摄入量数据。该项目 包括一项对4-6岁儿童表彰的纵向研究 持续六年。以下是结果变量 在儿童中测量；每天的总能量消耗使用双重 标记的水，使用间接量热法的静息能量消耗， 体力活动的能量消耗，饮食摄入量，全身水分， 利用DXA和生物电阻抗测量人体脂肪，利用脂肪分布 人体测量学和使用Tanner分期的青春期发育。到目前为止 来自佛蒙特州的七名儿童已经完成了六年级的协议。1998年 另有7名儿童计划完成该方案。

Obesity, which currently affects 25 percent of children, is one of the main causes of pediatric hypertension, and remains a risk factor for non- insulin-dependent diabetes, coronary heart disease and early death when it persists into adulthood. Unfortunately the incidence of obesity in children is increasing despite the fact that our society has become more health and fitness conscious. The aims of this project are: 1. To characterize the pre-obese state with regard to energy expenditure, physical activity and body composition. 2. To identify environmental and phenotypic markers for the development of human obesity. 3. To derive estimates of energy requirements in children based on measurements of energy expenditure, rather than on energy intake data. The project consists of a longitudinal study in children commending at age 4-6 and continuing for a six year period. The following outcome variables are measured in the children; total daily energy expenditure using doubly labeled water, resting energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry, energy expenditure of physical activity, dietary intake, total body water, body fat using DXA and bioelectrical impedance, fat distribution using anthropometrics, and pubertal development using Tanner staging. To date seven children from Vermont have completed the year six protocol. In 1998 an additional seven children are scheduled to complete the protocol.