SOCIOPHYSIOLOGY OF WELL BEING IN NEW WORLD MONKEYS

有意义的幸福感承担着基本的执行能力 在正常的方式下和在没有 持续的压力或疾病的症状。了解这些因素 对生物医学研究的广泛影响以及影响 用于照料和维护实验动物。目标为 对影响老年人幸福感的社会生活环境进行评估 通过检测应激反应的活动性和反应性来观察世界猴子 系统、生殖过程和健康状况。我们的目标 包括将基本生理和行为过程理解为 以及确定老年人的最佳居住安排 促进这些动物的健康。结果松鼠猴 表现出皮质醇水平降低的时间延长 队形。这类似于患者患有 创伤后应激障碍，对幸福有害。几个 同居需要几个月的时间才能使群体稳定并 垂体-肾上腺活动恢复正常。这里的个人住房 物种不会产生慢性压力的症状。Tiiti猴子，在 相比之下，要随时适应新的社会结构。形成 新的配对会导致皮质醇水平上升，但会升高 肾上腺皮质活动持续不到48小时。个体 为蒂蒂猴提供住所会导致皮质醇持续升高 以丧失亲人或抑郁为特征。生殖研究 表明雌性提提猕猴表现出哺乳诱导的抑制 排卵，它们通常在唯一的排卵周期受孕 这一年。两次分娩的间隔时间非常一致 猴子，但不受年度周期的限制。分娩间隔时间 在松鼠身上，猴子更加多变，并受到僵硬的 年度周期。研究压力变化的未来方向 生殖过程不同阶段的反应能力。我们是 对周围的神经内分泌变化特别感兴趣 分娩可能会抑制对许多人的压力反应 环境刺激，但增强了对婴儿相关的反应 刺激物。脑下垂体肾上腺活动；社会影响； 生殖、垂体-性腺活动、攻击性

Significance Well-being assumes the ability to carry out basic biological functions in a normal fashion and in the absence of persistent symptoms of stress or disease. Understanding those factors has broad implications for biomedical research as well as implications for care and maintenance of laboratory animals. Objectives To evaluate the social living environment that impact well-being of New World monkeys by examining activity and reactivity of stress response systems, reproductive processes and health status. Our objectives include understanding basic physiological and behavioral processes as well as identification of the optimal living arrangements for the promotion of well-being in these animals. Results Squirrel monkeys exhibit prolonged periods of reduced cortisol levels following group formation. This is analogous to patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and inimical to well-being. Several months of cohabitation are required for groups to stabilize and pituitary-adrenal activity to normalize. Individual housing in this species does not produce symptoms of chronic stress. Titi monkeys, in contrast, adapt readily to new social configurations. Formation of new pairs results in an elevation in cortisol, but heightened adrenocortical activity persists for less than 48 hours. Individual housing for titi monkeys results in persistent elevations in cortisol characteristic of bereavement or depression. Studies of reproduction show that titi monkey females exhibit lactation induced suppression of ovulation and they usually conceive on their only ovulatory cycle of the year. Interbirth intervals are remarkably consistent in titi monkeys but not constrained to an annual cycle. Interbirth intervals in squirrel monkeys are more variable and constrained by a rigid annual cycle. Future Directions Examining changes in stress responsiveness at various stages in the reproductive process. We are particularly interested in neuroendocrine changes surrounding partuition that may suppress stress responsiveness to many environmental stimuli but enhance responsiveness to infant related stimuli. KEYWORDS pituitary adrenal activity, social influences, reproduction, pituitary-gonadal activity, aggression