NEW APPROACHES TO PASSIVE AND ACTIVE IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS

疫苗仍然是最具成本效益的医疗干预措施之一。肝炎病毒科在开发获得许可的甲型和乙型肝炎预防疫苗方面发挥了重要作用。虽然甲型肝炎灭活疫苗已获得许可并可在商业上获得，但在发展中国家仍然需要一种用于管理的减毒活甲型肝炎疫苗，因为在这些国家，接种灭活疫苗的成本和后勤都令人望而却步。HVS与比利时Rixensart的SmithKline Beecham合作开发了几种候选甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗。此外，HVS还开发了一种前景看好的重组戊型肝炎疫苗，目前正在进行临床试验。疫苗开发的最新进展是发现，裸露的病毒DNA可以在动物身上用作疫苗。HVS正在研究DNA疫苗的技术，并建立了一个基于乙肝疫苗的模型系统，HVS在乙肝疫苗方面已经有了丰富的经验。我们目前正在测试一种免疫刺激剂(CpG)作为DNA疫苗和蛋白质疫苗佐剂的有效性。此外，正在探索DNA疫苗用于控制丙型肝炎病毒(丙型肝炎病毒)的用途。这些研究扩展到非人类灵长类动物(恒河猴)。一种DNA疫苗在小鼠和恒河猴中被证明具有高度的免疫原性，我们已经对黑猩猩进行了研究，它们可以受到活的丙型肝炎病毒的挑战。-肝炎病毒、疫苗

Vaccines remain one of the most cost-beneficial medical interventions. The Hepatitis Viruses Section (HVS) has been instrumental in the development of licensed vaccines for the prevention of hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Although inactivated HAV vaccines are licensed and commercially available, there remains a need for a live attenuated HAV vaccine for administration in developing countries where the cost and logistics of administering an inactivated vaccine are prohibitive. The HVS in collaboration with SmithKline Beecham, Rixensart, Belgium, has developed several candidate live attenuated HAV vaccines. In addition, the HVS has developed a candidate recombinant hepatitis E vaccine that is highly promising and that is currently in clinical trials.A recent advance in vaccine development was the discovery that naked viral DNA can serve as a vaccine when administered to animals. The HVS is studying the technology of DNA vaccines with a model system based upon hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, a vaccine with which the HVS has had extensive experience. We are currently testing the efficacy of an immunostimulant (CpG) as an adjuvant for DNA vaccines, as well as protein vaccines. In addition, the utility of DNA vaccines for the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is being explored. These studies were extended to non-human primates (rhesus monkeys). A DNA vaccine proved to be highly immunogenic in mice and rhesus monkeys and we have proceeded to chimpanzees, which can be challenged with live HCV. - Hepatitis viruses, vaccines