NEURAL DEVELOPMENT--INTERCELLULAR AND HUMORAL CONTROL

五个参与的研究小组有一个共同的兴趣， 了解细胞间和激素的重要性和机制 调节胚后发育和可塑性的信号 神经元 在过去八年中，这些团体之间的合作不断增加 多年来，越来越多的相互关注的机制， 神经系统内的发育可塑性导致了 这个项目的成功和持续。 中 这些实验室所代表的研究领域是;角色和 短距离和接触介导的细胞间影响机制 在神经发育中;神经调节的胚后分化 运动神经元和中间神经元的重塑;超微结构和 d包络神经系统中突触形成的生理学方面; 神经胶质细胞在有组织神经元发育中的作用 中枢神经系统;类固醇激素的分子机制 调节神经元发育。 参赛者将登上 多学科、高度协作的机制调查 潜在的激素和跨细胞调节的生存和 胚胎后期神经细胞的发育。 具体而言是 五个组成部分的项目包括：（1）基因的分子机制 类固醇激素的调节和类固醇敏感性的表征 （2）CNS神经胶质细胞的形态学和生物物理学发育， 它们通过跨细胞相互作用进行调节;（3）类固醇激素 原代细胞中已鉴定运动神经元发育的调节 （4）类固醇激素反应性的分子和遗传学分析 基因及其在CNS发育中的作用;和（5）细胞相互作用， 调节初级嗅觉发育的分子机制 中心 所有拟议的研究都是基于使用无脊椎动物 模型系统是经济的，现成的，实验 有利的。 因为它们已经被许多人广泛研究过， 调查人员，包括参与该计划项目的人员， 用于拟议研究的昆虫制剂特别好， 理解和有利于这些实验。 特别是，Manduca 提供了良好的生理和激素机制，而 果蝇提供了一系列强有力的分子和遗传方法。 基本的发育机制在进化过程中一直保持不变。 因此，我们希望，在这些项目中获得的有关 昆虫的神经和肌肉发育将阐明相关的 包括人类在内的其他动物身上的现象。

The five participating research groups share a common interest in understanding the importance and mechanisms of intercellular and hormonal signals that regulate the postembryonic development and plasticity of neurons. Growing collaboration among these groups over the past eight years and increasing mutual focus on the mechanisms that control developmental plasticity within the nervous system have led to the emergence and continued success of this Program Project. Among the research areas represented by these laboratories are; the roles and mechanisms of short-distance and contact-mediated intercellular influences in neural development; hormonally regulated, postembryonic differentiation and remodeling of motor neurons and interneurons; ultrastructural and physiological aspects of synapse formation in d enveloping neural systems; the role of glial cells in the development of organized neuropil in the central nervous system; and molecular mechanisms of steroid hormone regulation of neuronal development. The participants will mount multidisciplinary, highly collaborative investigations of mechanisms underlying hormonal and trans-cellular regulation of the survival and development of nerve cells during postembryonic life. Specifically, the five component projects include: (1) molecular mechanisms of gene regulation by steroid hormones and characterization of steroid-sensitive genes; (2) morphological and biophysical development of CNS glial cells and their regulation by trans-cellular interactions; (3) steroid-hormonal regulation of development of identified motor neurons in primary cell culture; (4) molecular and genetic analysis of steroid hormone responsive genes and their roles in CNS development; and (5) cellular interactions and molecular mechanisms regulating the development of a primary olfactory center. All of the proposed studies are based on the use of invertebrate model systems that are economical, readily available, and experimentally favorable. Because they have been extensively studied by many investigators, including the participants in this program project, the insect preparations to be used in the proposed studies are especially well understood and favorable for these experiments. Specifically, Manduca offers excellent access to physiological and hormonal mechanisms, whereas Drosophila offers a powerful array of molecular and genetic approaches. The basic mechanisms of development have been conserved during evolution. We expect, therefore, that information obtained in these projects about neural and muscular development in insects will illuminate related phenomena in other animals including human beings.