Rarefied hypervelocity separated flow in the transitional to continuum regimes

低密度流的过渡状态是自由分子流和连续流之间的无人区，其中流的行为与通常用于模拟任一流类型的假设不同。Bird的直接模拟Monte Carlo（DSMC）方法通常被认为是模拟这些流动的最佳方法，但由于计算的限制和缺乏对流动内能的了解，它与以前对低密度分离流的实验结果并不一致。该建议是对我们的实验和高超声速连续体代码的最佳当前DSMC代码的盲测试，第一次用实验量化了流的全部内部能量状态。

The transition regime for low-density flows is a no-man's-land between free-molecular and continuum flow, where the flow behaves differently to the assumptions typically used for modelling either flow type. Bird's direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is typically thought to be the best way of modelling these flows, but has not produced excellent agreement with previous experiments on low-density separated flows, due to computational limitations and lack of knowledge of the flow's internal energy. This proposal is a blind test of the best current DSMC codes against our experiments and a hypersonic continuum code, with the full internal energy state of the flow experimentally quantified for the first time.