Measuring Dark Matter, Neutral Hydrogen and Neutrino Mass with Next Generation Weak Lensing and Radio Data

我的研究旨在测量三种极其难以捉摸的物质的基本性质：暗物质，暗能量和中微子。最近发现，中微子是大质量粒子（2015年诺贝尔奖），但它们的实际质量仍然未知。虽然我们现在了解了暗物质如何与引力相互作用，但我们仍然不知道它是什么，不同的宇宙学测量对其丰度存在分歧。此外，暗能量的各个方面都是高度不确定的，这种情况将随着即将到来的新一代星系巡天如欧几里得、LSST和WFIRST而彻底改变。这些专门的天文台将根据暗物质、暗能量和中微子的“弱引力透镜”特征来测量它们的性质。这种技术依赖于检测前景大质量物体的引力对遥远星系图像造成的微小扭曲。弱透镜测量的是总前景物质的丰度和聚集度，而这些物质受到不同元素的独特影响。我将使用来自Kilo Degree Survey的最新观测结果，它已经开始提供精美的弱透镜数据，并将推动我们对宇宙，其内容和初始条件的知识的前沿。通过将这些暗物质数据与宇宙微波背景辐射和氢的独立观测相结合，我将绘制出我们宇宙的全球内容，逐个组件。这将通过“交叉相关”的方法来实现，该方法将两个数据集中共同的物种挑出来。这是宇宙学领域的转型时期，在本奖学金期间进行的基础研究将成为我们对暗物质，中微子，氢和暗能量的理解的核心。研究的预期成果包括两个透镜数据集的综合分析，宇宙微波背景观测和中性氢的三维地图。它将产生至少五篇第一作者的论文，加上一些基于共享将产生的模拟产品的贡献。这将直接支持未来对一些科学调查的分析，旨在产生2030年以后的影响。

My research aims at measuring fundamental properties of three extremely elusive substances: dark matter, dark energy and neutrinos. As recently discovered, neutrinos are massive particles (Nobel Prize 2015), but their actual mass is still unknown. While we now understand how dark matter interacts with gravity, we still do not know what it is, and different cosmological measurements disagree about its abundance. Furthermore, all aspects of the dark energy are highly uncertain.This situation will change drastically with the upcoming generation of galaxy surveys such as Euclid, LSST and WFIRST. These dedicated observatories will measure properties of dark matter, dark energy and neutrinos based on their "weak gravitational lensing" signatures. This technique relies on the detection of small distortions imparted on the image of distant galaxies by the gravitational pull of foreground massive objects. Weak lensing measures the abundance and the clustering of the total foreground matter, which is uniquely affected by its different elements.I will use the latest observations from the Kilo Degree Survey, which has started to deliver exquisite weak lensing data, and will push the frontiers of our knowledge about the Universe, its content and its initial conditions. Through combining these dark matter data with independent observations of the cosmic microwave background and of the hydrogen, I will map out the global content of our Universe, component-by-component. This will be achieved with the method of 'cross-correlations', which singles out species common two both datasets.These are transforming times for the field of cosmology, and the fundamental research undertaken during this Fellowship will by central to our understanding of dark matter, neutrinos, hydrogen and dark energy. The expected outcome of the research includes the combined analyses of two lensing data sets, cosmic microwave background observations, and three dimensional maps of neutral hydrogen. It will result in at least five first-authored papers, plus a number of contributions based on sharing the simulations products that will be produced. This will directly support the future analysis of a number of scientific investigations, aiming for an impact well beyond 2030.