A prospective study of concussion in children and adolescents: Diagnosis, recovery and risk factors for poor outcome.

脑震荡是最常见的神经损伤之一，在澳大利亚代表着一个重要的公共卫生问题。脑震荡损伤最常见的后果是注意力减少、反应速度减慢和记忆障碍。这些认知过程对于在儿童和青春期进行常见的日常活动(例如，获取新的知识和技能、做功课)至关重要。大约20%的脑震荡损伤发生在参加有组织的运动期间。在成年人中，现在有基于证据的指南来诊断和处理运动中的脑震荡。很少有良好控制的研究来确定这种伤害在儿童和青少年人群中的频率和结果，而且目前还没有关于儿童脑震荡的诊断和处理指南。此外，脑震荡对儿童的学术和社会后果尚不清楚。这项研究将调查儿童和青少年脑震荡的认知和行为结果，并将利用这些信息来修改和验证目前可用的成人脑震荡诊断和管理范例，以适用于这一人群。这项研究还将调查儿童和青少年脑震荡后预后不良的危险因素，并提供适合年龄的数据，用于脑震荡儿童和青少年的医疗、行为和教育管理。共有3000名年龄在10岁至18岁之间的儿童将被招募参与这项研究。所有参与者都将接受由记忆力和注意力测试、行为评定量表和教育能力测量组成的基线评估。参赛者家长还将提供一般健康和人口统计信息。在一年内脑震荡的儿童将在受伤后48小时内重新评估，并在受伤后5天、10天和30天再次进行评估，以跟踪康复。

Concussion is one of the most common neurological injuries and represents a significant public health issue in Australia. The most common consequences of concussive injuries are reduced attention, slowed response speeds and memory impairment. These cognitive processes are critical for performing common day-to-day activities in childhood and adolescence (e.g. acquiring new knowledge and skills, attending to school work). Approximately 20% of concussive injuries occur during participation in organised sport. In adult populations, there are now evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of concussion in sport. Few well-controlled studies exist to identify the frequency and outcome of such injuries in child and adolescent populations, and there are currently no guidelines for diagnosis and management of concussion in children. Further, the academic and social consequence of concussion for the child remains unknown. This study will investigate the cognitive and behavioural outcomes of concussion in young children and adolescents and will use this information to modify and validate currently available adult concussion diagnosis and management paradigms for application with this population. This study will also investigate risk factors for poor outcome following concussion in children and adolescents, and provide age-appropriate data for use in the medical, behavioural and educational management of concussed children and adolescents. A total of 3000 children aged between 10 and 18 years will be recruited to participate in this study. All participants will undergo a baseline evaluation consisting of memory and attention tests, a behavioural rating scale, and measures of educational ability. Participants parents will also provide general health and demographic information. Children who are concussed during the year will be re-assessed within 48 hours of injury and again at 5 days, 10 days and 30 days post-injury to track recovery.