Basal ganglia fMRI in normal and Parkinsonian patients

这个项目试图通过研究基础神经节如何控制运动，以及它们在帕金森氏病中如何发生故障，来连接基础和临床科学。它允许具有正常基底节解剖和生理学背景的应试者获得功能磁共振成像(FMRI)成像和运动障碍研究的实验。直到最近，才有可能用功能磁共振成像对基底节进行成像。我们的初步结果显示，与单侧任务相比，在双侧任务中，可靠的体位性基底神经节通过运动激活，在基底神经节激活中显著地左侧占优势，并且基础神经节激活增加。我们如何假设(1)基底节对竞争运动的排序或抑制是重要的。(2)帕金森病患者改变了纹状体和皮质中与运动相关的激活，这反映了他抑制的中断。(3)帕金森氏病的治疗方法，如多巴胺激动剂和苍白球损毁(苍白球切开术)，可以部分恢复这种改变的激活，但方式不同。该项目将推进运动加工的基础神经科学。例如，苍白球切开术是测量基底节环路中精确放置的病变的功能影响的独特机会。它还将产生直接的临床影响。目前还没有可靠的帕金森氏症诊断测试。功能磁共振成像在未来可能会被证明是一项这样的测试。功能磁共振成像还可能允许对帕金森症患者进行独立研究，例如运动障碍患者，他们将从某些治疗中受益更多。它可能有助于监测个别患者的治疗效果。最后，更好地理解基底节是如何处理运动输入的，可能会提供线索，它们如何处理其他输入，主要是认知和边缘输入。这是非常有兴趣的，因为越来越多的证据表明，基底节在学习和奖励以及精神分裂症、强迫症和毒瘾中发挥作用。

This project attempts to bridge basic and clinical science by examining how the basal ganglia control movement, and how they malfunction in Parkinson's disease. It allows the candidate, whose background is in normal basal ganglia anatomy and physiology, gain experiment in functional MRI (fMRI) imaging and the study of movement disorders. Only recently has it become possible to image the basal ganglia with fMRI. Our preliminary results show reliable, somatotopic basal ganglia activation by movement, pronounced left dominance in basal ganglia activation, and increased basal ganglia activation during bilateral compared to unilateral tasks. We how hypothesize (1) that the basal ganglia are important for sequencing or inhibition of competing movements. (2) Parkinsonians have altered movement-related activation in the striatum and cortex which reflects a disruption of his inhibition. (3) Therapies for Parkinson's disease such as dopamine agonists and globus pallidus lesions (pallidotomy)partially normalize this altered activation, but in different ways. The project would advance the basic neuroscience of motor processing. For instance, pallidotomy is a unique chance to measure the functional effects of precisely placed lesions in the basal ganglia circuit. It would also have direct clinical implications. There is currently no reliable diagnostic test for Parkinson's disease. FMRI might in the future prove to be such a test. FMRI might also allow independent investigation of Parkinsonian, such as patients with dyskinesias, who would benefit more from certain treatments. It may help monitor the efficacy of treatment in individual patients. Finally, better understanding of how the basal ganglia process motor inputs may provide clues how they process other inputs, chiefly cognitive and limbic This is of extreme interest because of the growing evidence for a basal ganglia role in learning and reward, and in schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and drug addiction.