The Elusive Sources of Solar Energetic Particles

我们的太阳对我们的存在至关重要;它是一个巨大的能量来源，使生命得以存在和繁荣。由磁场驱动的太阳喷发活动导致地球上危险的空间天气条件。太阳爆发可以加速由电子、质子和离子组成的高能粒子，这可能对卫星电子设备造成重大损害，并对载人航天飞行构成严重的辐射风险。由于我们的空间探索、空间旅游和对现代技术的依赖程度不断提高，空间天气直接影响我们的日常生活。英国气象局现在提供空间天气预报，空间天气出现在英国的国家风险登记册上。调查太阳高能粒子的起源和加速仍然是太阳日光层研究的前沿，也是最近发射的太阳轨道器和帕克太阳探测器任务的重点。这是一个令人兴奋的时刻，因为新的空间任务的启动，长达十年的太阳动力学观测数据集的存在，涵盖了整个前太阳周期，新的等离子体成分技术的发展，以及新的太阳周期期间活动的增加。在此期间，我将结合联合收割机磁场观测，磁模型和空间等离子体测量与一种新的成分分析技术，以了解太阳高能粒子的起源。我将使用磁场参数和喷发特征沿着等离子体成分的增强，以根据空间天气预报员的要求提前确定太阳高能粒子的来源区域。

Our Sun is vital for our existence; it is a source of immense power that allows life to exist and thrive. The Sun's eruptive activity, which is driven by magnetic fields, causes hazardous space weather conditions at Earth. Solar eruptions can accelerate energetic particles consisting of electrons, protons and ions that can cause significant damage to satellite electronics and pose a severe radiation risk for crewed spaceflight. Space weather directly impacts our everyday lives due to our ever-growing levels of space exploration, space tourism and dependence on modern technology. The UK Met Office now provides space weather forecasts with space weather appearing on the UK's National Risk Register.Investigating the origin and acceleration of solar energetic particles remains at the forefront of solar heliospheric research and it is the focus of the recently launched Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe missions. It is an exciting time to work on this project due to the launch of new space missions, the existence of decade-long Solar Dynamics Observatory datasets covering the entire previous solar cycle, the development of new plasma composition techniques, and the increased activity during the new solar cycle. During this fellowship, I will combine magnetic field observations, magnetic models and plasma measurements in space with a novel composition analysis technique to understand the origin of solar energetic particles. I will use magnetic field parameters and eruption characteristics along with enhancements in plasma composition to identify source regions of solar energetic particles in advance as required by space weather forecasters.