Manchester Experiment Responsive RA Grant 2022

曼彻斯特的粒子物理小组研究基本粒子及其相互作用，使用的数据来自主要国际研究中心的实验。这项研究涵盖了实验粒子物理的各个方面：发展新的探测器概念；大型实验的设计、建设和运行；以及数据分析。有了这笔新的资助，我们将专注于利用这些国际实验收集的数据来寻找新的粒子和新的粒子相互作用类型。我们还将开展新的探测器概念的研发。我们有四个不同的研究方向：(1)寻找cp -违逆的新来源：cp -违逆是在基本粒子相互作用中物质比反物质更容易产生的机制。众所周知，粒子物理学标准模型中CP的违反程度不足以解释我们今天在宇宙中观察到的物质主导地位。在这项授权中，我们提出了利用ATLAS数据搜索CP违逆的新方法。通过对标准模型的扩展预测新的CP违和源，预计灵敏度将提高10倍。(2)暗物质：尽管暗物质占宇宙总质量的85%，并在宇宙形成过程中起着至关重要的作用，但这种神秘物质的性质仍然未知。利用新建造的超灵敏的地球探测器来探测暗物质在太空中与地球相交，我们开发了新的分析策略，使我们能够识别和测量它的性质，绘制出以前无法探索的新政权。(3)探测中微子的相互作用：中微子是一扇超越我们目前对宇宙理解的物理学窗口。MicroBooNE的液氩时间投影室具有惊人的能力，可以对中微子的相互作用和在这些相互作用中产生的粒子进行成像。利用这些精美的图像，我们将在这些相互作用中寻找新的、从未见过的粒子的证据，这将为我们的宇宙如何运作打开一扇新的窗口。(4)新探测器技术的发展：半导体传感器在许多粒子物理实验中起着关键作用，但也在许多其他成像应用中发挥着核心作用，从天文学到医学应用到材料研究。除了微米级的空间分辨率外，许多未来的应用还要求在传感器中记录的粒子的精确时间信息在几十皮秒的范围内。我们的目标是提供一个设施来表征粒子传感器的定时特性，由于其可调谐的频率，该传感器在适用性的广度上是独一无二的。然后，我们将把这个设施应用于粒子物理社区正在探索的特别有前途的传感器技术。

The Particle Physics Group at Manchester studies fundamental particles and their interactions, using data collected by experiments based at major international research centres. This research covers all aspects of experimental particle physics: the development of novel detector concepts; the design, construction and operation of large experiments; and the analysis of data. With this new grant, we will focus on using the data collected by these international experiments to search for new particles and new types of particle interactions. We will also carry out R&D for new detector concepts. We have four distinct strands of research:(1) Searching for new sources of CP-violation: CP-violation is the mechanism by which matter is more favourably produced than antimatter in fundamental particle interactions. It is well known that the level of CP violation in the Standard Model of Particle Physics is insufficient to explain the matter dominance that we observe in the Universe today. In this grant, we propose novel searches for CP violation using the ATLAS data. It is expected that a factor of ten improvement in sensitivity will be obtained for new sources of CP violation predicted by extensions to the Standard Model.(2) Dark matter: despite making up 85% of the mass of the Universe and playing a crucial role in its formation, the nature of this mysterious substance is still unknown. Using an ultra-sensitive Earth-based detector newly constructed to detect dark matter intersecting with the Earth as it travels through space, we develop new analysis strategies that enable us to identify and measure its properties, charting new regimes that were previously unexplorable.(3) Probing the interactions of the neutrino: Neutrinos are a window onto physics beyond our current understanding of the universe. The liquid-argon time-projection chamber of MicroBooNE has a spectacular ability to image the interactions of neutrinos and the particles produced in these interactions. Using these exquisite images, we will search for the evidence of new, never-before seen particles in these interactions, which would open up a new window onto how our Universe works.(4) Development of new detector technologies: Semiconductor sensors play a key role in many particle physics experiments, but are also central to many other imaging applications, from astronomy over medical applications to material research. Many future applications demand, in addition to micrometre-level spatial resolution, precise time information in the range of tens of picoseconds for particles registered in the sensors. We aim to provide a facility to characterise the timing properties of particle sensors that will be unique in the breadth of applicability due to its tuneable frequency. We will then apply this facility to particularly promising sensor technologies that are being explored by the particle physics community.