Personality, learning and risk for alcoholism

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究是重要的一步 测试所获得的准备模型。 在这个模型中，早在一岁时就可以检测到的稳定的人格特征去抑制，涉及到一种偏见，即当奖励和惩罚都存在时，专注于事件的奖励方面。 当这种偏见遇到与酒精相关的学习时，它会导致对酒精消费形成积极或基于奖励的期望的偏见。抑制解除对饮酒的影响 因此，积极的酒精预期是介导的。特质抑制也 在一岁时就能发现，这涉及到一种偏见，即把重点放在惩罚方面， 当奖励和惩罚同时发生时，当这种偏见遇到 酒精相关的学习，它会导致偏见，形成消极的酒精 这反过来又会导致消费减少。 这项研究计划的目标是在三个年龄组中证明 （1.）特质去抑制和特质抑制的个体差异 在酒精预期形成之前存在; 2.）这些特征与 酒精预期的个体差异，一旦后者是 目前;和3.）这些特点？对酒精消费的影响，一旦 是由酒精预期介导的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research is an important step in testing the acquired preparedness model. In this model, the stable personality trait of disinhibition, detectable as early as one year of age, involves a bias to focus on the rewarding aspects of events, when both rewards and punishments are present. When this bias encounters alcohol-related learning, it leads to a bias to form positive or reward-based expectancies for alcohol consumption. The influence of disinhibition on drinking level is thus mediated by positive alcohol expectancy. Trait inhibition. also detectable by age one, involves a bias to focus on the punishing aspects of events, when both rewards and punishments occur. When this bias encounters alcohol-related learning, it leads to a bias to form negative alcohol expectancies, which in turn leads to less consumption. The goal of the proposed research program is to demonstrate in three age groups that: 1.) individual differences in trait disinhibition and trait inhibition are present prior to alcohol expectancy formation; 2.) these traits correlate with individual differences in alcohol expectancies once the latter are present; and 3.) these traits? influence on alcohol consumption, once it is underway, is mediated by alcohol expectancy.