The geomorphology of glacial landscapes on Mars

具体目标：记录和绘制Promethei Terra和Deuteronilus Mensae的地貌和景观，评估其形成于湿基或冷基冰川过程的情况，评估Hubbard等人（2011年）关于冰川状形式形成和移动的模型是否适用于火星上的其他地区，该项目将研究火星上的冰川景观。它将侧重于反映过去10年中一些最重要发现的两个研究区域，即：1）在中低纬度地区对地质学上最近的冰川地貌进行观测，这些地貌表明冰或富含冰的物质的大量沉积和流动（Souness等人，2012年; Milliken等人，2003年）; 2）伽马射线和中子光谱仪数据显示，在火星某些中低纬度地区，现存的近地表物质高度集中（Feldman等人，2011年）。总的来说，这些结果表明了一个动态的近期气候，水在固态和液态中的作用是关键。第一个研究领域将是普罗米修斯地的中纬度地区，该地区显示出大量近地表水冰的光谱证据，并包含与陆地岩石冰川非常相似的粘性流动特征，以及可能的河流冰川地貌。第二个研究区域将是Deuteronilus Mensae的中高纬度区域，与Promethei Terra相反，该区域与水冰的光谱证据无关，但具有大量冰川状形式的证据（Squyres 1979，Morgan等人2009）。该项目的一个关键内容是调查和绘制这些地区米/十米尺度的地貌图，并确定高水冰含量的光谱特征是否具有对应的形态特征。该项目的第二个方面可以包括冰川流动模型，以限制活动的持续时间和这些地貌上的碎片数量，或遥感地球模拟工作，这取决于候选人的能力和喜好，具体培训将包括在行星数据方面使用地理信息系统，根据轨道和航空图像建立数字地形模型，行星测绘技术和火星地貌学/地质学的一般概念。

Specific objectives:To document and map the landforms and landscapes in Promethei Terra and Deuteronilus Mensae and to assess the case for their formation by wet-based or cold-based glacial processes.To assess whether the Hubbard et al. (2011) model for the formation and movement of glacier-like forms applies to other regions on Mars.This project will examine glacial landscapes on Mars. It will focus on two study regions that reflect some of the most important discoveries of the last 10 years, namely: 1) observations of geologically recent glacial landforms in the mid- to low-latitudes that indicate significant deposition and mobility of ice or ice-rich material (Souness et al. 2012, Milliken et al. 2003); 2) Gamma ray and Neutron Spectrometer data showing high concentration of extant near-surface in certain mid- to low-latitude areas of Mars (Feldman et al. 2011). Taken together, these results suggest a dynamic recent climate, with the role of water in both the solid and liquid state being key. The first area of study will be the mid-latitude region of Promethei Terra, which shows spectral evidence of anomalously high quantities of near-surface water-ice, and contains viscous flow features that closely resemble terrestrial rock-glaciers, as well as possible fluvioglacial landforms. The second area of study will be the mid to high latitude area of Deuteronilus Mensae, which, in contrast to Promethei Terra, is not associated with spectral evidence of water ice, but has abundant evidence of glacier like forms (Squyres 1979, Morgan et al. 2009). A key element of this project will be to investigate and map the meter/decametre scale geomorphology of these areas and to determine whether the spectral signature of high water-ice content has a morphological counterpart. A second aspect of this project could incorporate glacial flow modelling to constrain the duration of activity and amount of debris on these features, or remotely sensed Earth analogue work, depending on the strengths and preferences of the candidate.Specific training will include the use of GIS in planetary data contexts, construction of digital terrain models from orbital and aerial images, planetary mapping techniques and general concepts in martian geomorphology/geology.