THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL REJECTION ON BEHAVIOR

一项由12项研究（包括8项实验、3项相关研究和1项档案研究）组成的程序化系列研究验证了这样一种假设：在实验室和整个社会中，被排斥和/或被切断亲密关系的感觉会对自己和他人产生负面影响：有害的社会行为（反社会行为增加，亲社会行为减少）和自我挫败行为。这些预测是基于归属感需求是人类基本动机的理论（Baumeister and Leary, 1995）。研究1-5考察了归属的三种实验室操作和两种问卷测量如何影响反社会与亲社会行为（欺骗、合作、攻击和帮助）。研究6-10使用相同的操作和方法来研究归属感和自我挫败行为（未能坚持，冒险，拒绝健康信息和暴饮暴食）之间的联系。研究11旨在发现哪种人格类型对归属感受损的反应是愤怒还是焦虑。研究12试图在更大的社会中寻找归属感效应，表明与归属感相关的国家统计数据与那些衡量反社会和自我挫败行为的统计数据相关。两个实验的初步数据表明，低归属感会导致攻击性（一种反社会行为）和暴饮暴食（一种自我挫败的行为）。

A programmatic series of 12 studies (including 8 experiments, 3 correlational studies, and one archival study) tests the hypothesis that feeling excluded and/or cut off from close relationships leads to negative consequences for the self and others: detrimental social behavior (increased antisocial behavior and decreased prosocial behavior) and self-defeating acts, both in the laboratory and in the society at large. These predictions are based on the theory that the need to belong is a fundamental human motivation (Baumeister and Leary, 1995). Studies 1-5 examine how three laboratory manipulations of belongingness and two questionnaire measures influence antisocial versus prosocial behavior (cheating, cooperation, aggression, and helping). Studies 6-10 use the same manipulations and measures to study the connection between belongingness and self-defeating acts (failure to persevere, risk-taking, refusing health information, and binge eating). Study 11 aims to discover which personality types react to impaired belongingness with anger versus anxiety. Study 12 attempts to find the belongingness effect in the larger society, demonstrating that national statistics relevant to belongingness correlate with those measuring antisocial and self-defeating behaviors. Pilot data from two experiments show that low belongingness leads to aggression (an antisocial behavior) and binge eating (a self- defeating act).