Heritage BIM: New ways of digital data management for the historic built environment

该项目的目的是研究如何将一个广泛使用的IT系统（建筑信息模型）应用于现有的，特别是历史建筑环境中，以集中存储和传播有关建筑的信息。建筑信息模型（BIM）本质上是建筑物的可视化3D模型，填充了与其结构和资产相关的结构化数据。作为理解和管理建筑环境的重要工具，BIM被政府和行业大力推广，但迄今为止，它的使用几乎仅限于新建筑。这为BIM作为理解和管理更广泛的现有建筑（包括历史和遗产遗址）的工具留下了巨大的潜力。这项研究的愿景是开发一种创新的数字信息模型，适用于文物行业，以记录、展示和帮助保护历史建筑环境。这将在设计和施工中越来越多地使用BIM，但重点是发现当前的方法需要如何适应遗产部门的具体要求，包括例如“建成”而不是“设计”的结构和材料；利用考古资源的变化年表；开放给访客等。因此，我们的主要研究问题是：“遗产BIM是什么样子的？如何使用？”“为了回答这些问题，学生将发展并展示一系列技能，从3D数字扫描技术的技术挑战到与人互动时使用的软社会科学方法。”三维模型的数字数据采集将来自激光扫描和摄影测量，并使用复杂的软件来操作和编辑最终的模型网格。人种学研究方法将为调查人们概念化和使用研究地点的方式提供一个框架，并将要求学生花更长的时间与一系列相关群体在一起。

The aim of the project is to investigate how a widely-used IT system for the centralised storage and dissemination of information about a building (Building Information Modelling) can be applied to existing, and specifically historic, built environments. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is essentially a visual 3D model of a building, populated with structured data related to its fabric and assets. BIM is heavily promoted by Government and industry as a vital tool to understand and manage the built environment, but its use to date has been almost exclusively in new buildings. This leaves substantial potential for BIM as a tool for understanding and managing a broader range of existing buildings, including historic and heritage sites. The vision of this research is to develop an innovative digital information model suitable for use in the heritage sector to record, display and help conserve the historic built environment. This will draw on the increasing use of BIM in design and construction, but with an emphasis on discovering how current approaches need to be adapted to suit the specific requirements of the heritage sector, including for example 'as-built' rather than 'as-designed' structures and materials; a chronology of change using archaeological resources; open accessibility to visitors etc. Our key research questions are therefore: 'What would Heritage BIM look like, and how could it be used?'To answer these questions, the student will develop and demonstrate a range of skills, from the technical challenges of 3D digital scanning techniques to the softer social science methods used when interacting with people. Digital data acquisition for the 3D model will come from laser scanning and photogrammetry, and the use of sophisticated software for manipulation and editing of the resultant model mesh. Ethnographic research methods will provide a framework for investigating the ways that people conceptualise and use the study site, and will require the student to spend extended periods of time with a range of relevant groups.