Astrophysics and Cosmology from the Epoch of reionisation and the cosmic dawn with the Square Kilometre Array.

目前，宇宙学信息可以通过两种主要方式通过氢原子在宇宙中的分布来获得。首先，来自哈勃深场的类星体被用来探测宇宙中氢的数量，通过莱曼阿尔法森林在任何一个方向上，直到z=6的红移。其次，宇宙微波背景辐射（CMB）提供了宇宙在大爆炸后氢原子重组时的密度波动信息，红移约为z=1100。然而，这两种技术之间的范围在实验上并不是众所周知的。平方公里阵列（SKA）打算通过新一代射电干涉仪分析中性氢21厘米超精细发射线的波动来揭示红移z=6至z=27的周期。功率谱的分析应该产生一个中性氢原子演化的模型，因为CMB中显示的密度扰动增长到Galerkin，直到宇宙中的大部分氢被重新电离。该项目旨在研究贝叶斯统计分析，用于理论数据，这些数据将类似于SKA在2020年在澳大利亚建成时产生的真实的数据（以及HERA的数据，南非正在建设的类似实验）。这种半数值模拟有望使我们能够在天体物理学的背景下理解SKA在宇宙黎明期间星系形成方面所做的观测。

Currently Cosmological information can be obtained via the distribution of Hydrogen atoms in the Universe in two main ways. Firstly Quasars from the Hubble deep field are used to probe the Universe for the amount of Hydrogen via the Lyman Alpha Forest in any one direction up to about a redshift of z=6. Secondly the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) provides information of density fluctuations of the Universe around the time of recombination of Hydrogen atoms after the Big Bang, at a redshift of about z=1100. However the range in between these two techniques is not nearly as well known experimentally. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) intends to shed light on the period of redshifts z=6 to z=27 by analysing fluctuations in the 21cm hyperfine emission line of neutral Hydrogen with a new generation of radio interferometers. Analysis of the powers spectrum should produce a model of the evolution of neutral Hydrogen atoms, as density perturbations shown in the CMB grow into Galaxies, until the majority of the Hydrogen in the Universe is re-ionised. This project is aimed towards looking at Bayesian statistical analyses used on theoretical data that will be similar to the real data produced by SKA when it is finished being built in Australia in 2020 (and also the data from HERA, a similar experiment under construction in South Africa). This semi-numerical simulation will hopefully allow us to understand the observations made by SKA in an astrophysical context, in terms of Galaxy formation during the Cosmic Dawn.