Blue Helmet Bureaucracy: Peacekeeping as Colonial Ambition, a Lesson in Governance, and the Exploitation of 'Humanitarianism'

本文试图通过对前殖民国家在维和行动中的作用的研究，揭示后殖民动态如何影响了过去50年来维和行动的政治和实践。通过研究三个维和特派团的案例研究，该项目调查了军事人道主义或授权使用武力的作用在多大程度上受到帝国对人道主义和治理方法的理解的影响。这样，它将问殖民地的延续在多大程度上通过联合国的维和政策而繁荣起来。通过研究多边和单边维和行动，该项目希望调查联合国（UN）和前殖民地部队在多大程度上利用维和任务来继续国家建设和庇护政策。在这个项目中探索的案例研究将是：1。ONUC -联合国在刚果的维持和平使命，1960- 1964年2。沙巴I和沙巴II -法国和比利时领导的对扎伊尔的干预，1977-19783。绿松石行动-法国领导的卢旺达维和使命，1994年该项目旨在表明，联合国的国家建设意图的历史，以及“人道主义”的工具化，早在20世纪90年代就开始了。联合国在其维和任务中利用和利用（授权的力量）前殖民地部队的知识和经验的权力是一个尚未探索的历史黑暗领域。受援者和捐助者之间的关系和历史是理解人道主义力量可以对平民施加的力量的内在因素，因此，讨论有罪不罚问题对国际主义、殖民遗产和非国家行为者全球治理的发展趋势等更广泛的问题至关重要。

This thesis seeks to uncover how post-colonial dynamics have influenced the politics and practice of peacekeeping over the last fifty years through investigating the role of former colonial powers in peacekeeping missions. By examining three case studies of peacekeeping missions this project investigates how far the role of military humanitarianism or authorised use of force by those on the ground was influenced by imperial understandings of humanitarianism and methods of governance. In this way, it will be asking how far colonial continuities thrived through the UN's peacekeeping policies. By looking at both multilateral and unilateral peacekeeping operations, this project hopes to investigate how far the United Nations (UN) and ex-colonial forces utilised peacekeeping missions to continue policies of state-building and clientelism. The case studies explored within this project will be:1. ONUC - The UN peacekeeping mission in the Congo, 1960-19642. Shaba I and II - The French and Belgian led intervention in Zaire, 1977-19783. Operation Turquoise - The French-led peacekeeping mission in Rwanda, 1994This project seeks to show that the history of the UN's state-building intentions, and the instrumentalisation of 'humanitarianism', started far before the 1990s. The power of the UN to utilise and harness (with authorised force) the knowledge and experience of ex-colonial forces in their peacekeeping missions is a dark area of history that remains unexplored. The relationship and history between the recipient and benefactor is intrinsic to understanding the power that humanitarian forces can exert over civilians - and therefore how crucial discussions of impunity are to broader questions of internationalism, colonial legacies and the developing trend of non-state actor global governance.