Potential utilisation of Water Hyacinth biomass following phytoremediation of wastewater

淡水是全球社会的一种重要资源；尽管有大量的水供应，但其中大部分是盐水，因此开采成本很高。工业废水占淡水的很大一部分；例如，采矿和炼油工艺水。这些水包含了一系列的资源，而且比例往往很大。将这些资源释放到自然环境中可以被视为污染以及对资源的重大浪费。藻类已被证明通过生物吸附对某些元素具有很高的亲和力，并在某些情况下将它们还原(例如Au~(3+)为Au)。这个项目将初步研究淡水藻类固定污染物/资源的机制，通过改变生物和化学条件(例如盐度)来优化固定的条件。这将涉及藻类在生物反应器中的生长；然后在条件优化后分析藻类表面的官能团，以及这对目标资源的表面吸附的影响。每种资源都将在不同的浓度下进行测试，以确定总的潜在表面吸附能力(具有一定的吸收潜力)。同时，将在自然系统内进行资源固定；确定用于固定资源/污染物的有效物种和废水流。这将使研究更加深入，因为它着眼于真实的情景，因此具有实施的理论潜力。这两项研究将用于在设定的废水流中开发具有成本效益和高效率的资源固定化。然后将通过成本效益分析(合作)将其与目前的恢复/补救技术进行比较，并确定使用藻类的总体可行性；同时考虑到在补救后将藻类生物质用作生物能源的原料。目标：确定和培养具有最佳资源固定化特性的几种藻类通过使用藻类作为生物吸附剂/生物蓄积剂，优化实验室环境中的资源固定化条件确定具有大量资源的相关废水系统并获取样本通过使用藻类作为生物吸附剂/生物蓄积剂，演示实验室环境中自然样本的资源固定化开发经济高效的方法实验室环境中自然样本的资源固定化与当前修复和资源回收/生产的最佳做法进行比较

Freshwater is in an important resource for the global community; although there are extensive water supplies available, the majority of this is saline and therefore expensive to exploit. Industrial wastewater constitutes a significant portion of freshwater; for example, mining and refinery process waters. This water contains a range of resources in often significant proportions. The release of these resources into the natural environment can be seen as contamination as well as a significant waste of resources. Algae has been shown to have high affinity for certain elements, through biosorption, and in some cases reduce them (e.g. Au3+ to Au). This could potentially offset the cost of growing algae and its subsequent use as a feedstock for bioenergy.This project would initially study the mechanisms of contaminant/resource immobilisation by freshwater algae, optimising the conditions for immobilisation through changes in biological and chemical conditions (e.g. salinity). This would involve the growth of algae in bioreactors; then analysing the functional groups on the surface of the algae, after condition optimisation, and the effects this has on the surface sorption of the resources targeted. Each resource will be tested in varying concentrations to determine the total potential surface sorption (with some potential for absorption). In tandem, resource immobilisation within natural systems will be conducted; determining effective species and waste water streams for the immobilisation of resources/contaminants. This will give a greater depth to the study by looking at real scenarios and therefore the theoretical potential for the implementation. The two studies will be used to develop a cost effective and efficient resource immobilisation within a set waste water stream. This will then be compared to current recovery/remediation techniques through a Cost-Benefit-Analysis (in collaboration) and determine the overall feasibility of using algae; taking into account the use of algal biomass as feedstock of bioenergy after remediation. Objectives:Identify and cultivate several species of algae with optimal properties for resource immobilisationOptimise conditions for resource immobilisation within a laboratory environment, through the use of algae as a bio-sorbent/bio-accumulatorIdentify relevant waste water systems with significant levels of resources and procure samplesDemonstrate resource immobilisation of natural samples within a laboratory environment, through the use of algae as a bio-sorbent/bio-accumulatorDevelop cost effective and efficient methods resource immobilisation of natural samples within a laboratory environmentCompare with current best practice of remediation and resource recovery/production