DRUG USE IN RURAL KENTUCKY--A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

本申请是为了回应PA-95-060，美国农村的药物和酒精使用和滥用。 总体目标是开发/测试青少年药物使用的多层次社会控制模型，整合宏观/微观理论观点。 毒品使用和导致毒品使用的个人层面的社会控制过程将沿着城乡连续体嵌入学校和社区环境。 学校和社区对药物使用和导致药物使用的个人层面过程的条件影响可以确定和建模，并可以跨社区检查背景效应的异质性。 具体目标1：测量1999- 2000学年基线7年级学生队列中药物使用的发生率/流行率（一直持续到10年级）在肯塔基州的学校和社区，跨越城乡连续体;具体目标2：研究个人层面的社会控制/联系变量在预测青少年吸毒方面的影响，并确定肯塔基州各学校和社区的药物使用/社会联系影响是否相似或不同;具体目标3：检查学校和社区层面因素对药物使用的影响以及肯塔基州学校和社区对药物使用的个人影响;具体目标4：比较农村药物使用和城市药物使用的多层次模型，以确定：具体目标5：确定个人、学校和社区因素在多大程度上影响青少年药物使用随时间的变化。如果我们要了解美国农村地区药物和酒精使用和滥用的模式，特别是在农村环境中（与异质性的城市环境相比）的异质性的认识/检查是必要的。 这是一项前瞻性的纵向研究，研究对象为一个队列（7年级学生，1999-00 AY，n= 10，000），在30个县（其中4个县的人口规模）的分层随机抽样的66所中学就读，以及来自同一学校的教师样本。 队列将被跟踪4年，直到10年级进入45所高中。 HLM和潜在增长曲线建模技术将用于测试驱动研究的理论模型。

This application is submitted in response to PA-95-060, Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse in Rural American. Overall objective is to develop/test multilevel social control model of adolescent drug use, integrating macro/micro theoretical perspectives. Drug use and individual level social control processes that lead to drug use will be embedded within school and community contexts along the rural-urban continuum. Conditional influences of school and community on drug use and individual level processes leading to drug use can be determined and modeled and the heterogeneity for contextual effects can be examined across communities. Specific Aim 1: to measure incidence/prevalence of drug use in a cohort of 7th graders, 1999-00 AY baseline (followed through 10th grade) in schools and communities in Kentucky across the rural-urban continuum; Specific Aim 2: to examine the impact of individual level social control/bonding variables in predicting adolescent drug use, and to determine whether drug use/social bonding effects are similar or different across schools and communities in Kentucky; Specific Aim 3: to examine impact of school and community level factors on drug use and the individual level effects on drug use across schools and communities in Kentucky; Specific Aim 4: to compare multilevel models of rural drug use and urban drug use to determine: a) the extent of rural heterogeneity; b) the utility (or futility) in conceptualizing "rural and urban" as dichotomous; Specific Aim 5: to determine the extent to which individual, school and community factors affect variation over time in adolescent drug use. Recognition/examination of heterogeneity across rural contexts in particular (in contrast to heterogenous urban contexts) is necessary if we are to understand patterns of Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse in Rural America. This is a prospective longitudinal study of one cohort (7th graders, 1999-00 AY, n=10,000) attending 66 middle schools in a stratified, random sample of 30 counties, 4 by population size of county), and a sample of teachers from same schools. Cohort will be followed for 4 years through 10th grade into 45 high schools. HLM and latent growth curve modeling techniques will be used to test the theoretical models driving the research.