Port wine stain treatment for infants and young children

描述(由申请人提供)：本提案旨在 应聘者需具备深厚的古典机械专业背景 工程学，具有新兴领域的知识和经验 光医学和生物医学光学需要成功推出 生物医学工程领域的独立研究生涯。建议进行的研究 研究脉冲染料激光发出的黄光的适当使用 联合短期冷冻剂喷雾以提高治疗效果 婴幼儿鲜红斑点(PWS)。PWS是一种先天性的， 进行性真皮血管畸形 0.7%的儿童(美国约有1500,000人， 全球3200万人)。不幸的是，有两个主要问题阻碍了 使用高剂量激光永久移除PWS血管 婴幼儿，即：(A)低温喷雾的效率 冷却(CSC)喷嘴不足以提供必要的表皮 (B)所有患者都接受CSC和激光剂量的治疗 基于医生的临床判断，不考虑个人 表皮黑色素浓度和白斑深度和厚度的变化。至 针对这些问题，本文提出了四个方面的研究内容：(1)新型制冷剂的设计 雾化喷嘴，使CSC效率最大化；(2)开发新的热量 扩散、光吸收和热组织损伤的数值模型 评估瞬时皮肤温度分布以及表皮和湿疹的损伤； (3)优化CSC和激光参数，以提供更高的能量给 Pws，同时保留表皮；以及(4)结合可视 反射光谱(V.S.)和脉冲光热辐射测量法(PER.) PWS患者测量进入数值模型预测疗效 结果基于真实的临床数据。拟议研究的结果 将极大地加强目前的PWS激光治疗，并提供更多 婴幼儿临床管理的有效和安全方法 孩子们。由OR提供的支持。该奖项将为申请者提供 在保护期内开展高质量研究 他的导师可以完全访问以下网站上提供的优秀设施 贝克曼激光研究所(BLS)和工程学院(SOE 加州大学欧文分校(UCI)。此外，申请者将 通过正式课程和参加会议接受指导， 获得新知识，例如光在活组织中的传输，以及 发展新技能，如临床光电和电子技术的应用 激光设备。归根结底，研究、课程作业和 临床经验，将为申请者提供推出的准备 在生物医学工程领域拥有独立而成功的研究生涯。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The present proposal is designed to provide the applicant, who has a strong background in classical mechanical engineering, with knowledge and experience in the emerging fields of photomedicine and biomedical optics required to launch a successful independent research career in biomedical engineering. The proposed studies investigate the appropriate use of yellow light emitted by pulsed dye lasers in combination with short cryogen spurts to improve the therapeutic outcome of port wine stains (PWS) in infants and young children. PWS are a congenital, progressive vascular malformation of the dermis that occurs in approximately 0.7% of children (approximately 1,500,000 individuals in the United States and 32 million people worldwide). unfortunately, two major problems prevent the use of high laser dosages required to permanently remove PWS vessels in infants and young children, namely: (A) the efficiency of cryogen spray cooling (CSC) nozzles is insufficient to provide the necessary epidermal protection; and (B) all patients are treated with CSC and laser light doses based on clinical judgment of the physician, without considering individual variations in epidermal melanin concentration and PWS depth and thickness. To address these problems, four studies are proposed: (1) design of new cryogen atomizing nozzles to maximize CSC efficiency; (2) development of new heat diffusion, light absorption, and thermal tissue damage numerical models to evaluate instantaneous skin temperature profiles and epidermal and PWS damage; (3) optimization of CSC and laser parameters to deliver higher energy to the PWS while preserving the epidermis; and (4) incorporation of visible reflectance spectroscopy (V.S.) and pulsed photothermal radiometry (PER.) measurements on PWS patients into numerical model to predict therapeutic outcome based, on realistic clinical data. The results of the proposed studies will greatly enhance current PWS laser therapy, and provide a much more effective and safer approach to clinical management of infants and young children. The support provided by a OR. award will provide the applicant with the protected period to conduct high-quality research under the guidance of his mentor while having full access to the outstanding facilities available at the Beckman Laser Institute (BLS) and School of Engineering (SOE) at The University of California, Irvine (UCI). Additionally, the applicant will receive instruction through formal coursework and conference participation, acquire new knowledge, such as transport of light in living tissues, and develop new skills, such as the application of clinical optoelectronic and laser equipment. Ultimately, the combination of research, coursework, and clinic experience, will provide the applicant with the preparation to launch an independent and successful research career in biomedical engineering.