Geospatial estimation of non-exhaust emissions using remote earth observation

由于柴油门事件和越来越多的证据表明一系列健康终点，排气污染最近得到了大量的新闻报道。然而，目前估计，诸如刹车和轮胎磨损的非废气排放（NEE）占伦敦车辆排放的50%，并且这些颗粒相对于废气排放的健康影响仍然不确定。在未来，随着废气排放量的减少，这些污染源对环境政策的制定和人类健康的影响将变得更加重要。排放清单是确定空气污染重要来源的关键，并为空气污染建模提供了重要数据。目前，在伦敦，NEE上的排放清单有限，不能代表整个伦敦。它缺乏关于不同地点的道路类型、状况和地面测量的信息。在全球范围内，NEE排放清单是有限的或根本不存在。该项目将使用高时间分辨率测量设备，在具有一系列气候的城市中产生详细的颗粒物种类组成，以开发NEE因素。全球高分辨率卫星图像将用于逐路查明全球各城市的车辆移动情况。车辆数量将与排放因子和测量相结合，以更新排放清单并进行源解析。

Exhaust pollution has had substantial press coverage recently as a result ofDieselgate and increased evidence of a range of health end points. However, Non-ExhaustEmissions (NEE) such as brake and tyre wear are currently estimated to contribute 50% ofvehicle emissions in London and the health impact of these particles, relative to exhaustemissions, remain uncertain. In the future, as exhaust emissions are abated, these sourceswill become more important for both environmental policy development and human healthimpact.Emission inventories are key in determining significant sources of air pollution and providevital data used in air pollution modelling. Currently, in London, the emission inventory onNEE is limited and is not representative of London as a whole. It lacks information on roadtype, condition and ground-based measurements at different sites. Globally, NEE emissioninventories are limited or non-existent.This project will use high-time resolution measurement equipment to produce detailedParticulate Matter species compositions in cities with a range of climatology to develop NEEfactors. Global high-resolution satellite imagery will be used to identify vehicle movement,road by road, in global cities. The vehicle counts will be combined with emission factors andmeasurements to update emission inventories and conduct source apportionment.