Understanding melt distribution beneath volcanoes using experimental and seismic techniques

火山事件有可能造成数千人死亡和受伤，并给全球经济造成数十亿美元的损失（威瑟姆，2005年，奥本海默，2015年）。对火山系统的地下结构进行成像可以更好地了解所构成的威胁，并协助监测系统，但目前的成像技术只能提供有限的岩浆结构分辨率。大规模岩浆系统的模型已经从简单的腔室（Blake，1981）发展到流体、熔体和晶体糊状物的瞬态分层结构（Christopher等人，2015）。现有的颗粒尺度熔体结构模型来自合成熔融岩石骨料的2D图像和简化的几何近似，在其结果中产生了很多歧义。这项研究将使用3D打印熔体模型的新方法来限制不同熔体结构对地震波速度和性质的影响。将确定一套参数，这些参数将应用于现实世界的活火山环境，以更好地描述其喷发动力学。这项工作的结果将适用于任何火山环境，也可能为地球深部研究提供信息。

Volcanic events have the potential to kill and injure thousands of people and cost billions of dollars to global economies (Witham, 2005, Oppenheimer, 2015). Imaging the subsurface structure of a volcanic system can lead to better understanding of the threats posed and assist monitoring systems, but current imaging techniques provide only limited resolution of magmatic structures. Models of large-scale magmatic systems have evolved from simple chambers (Blake, 1981) to transient, layered structures of fluid, melt and crystal mush (Christopher et al., 2015). Existing models of grain-scale melt structures are derived from 2D images of synthetically melted rock aggregates and simplified geometrical approximations, creating much ambiguity in their results. This study will use a new approach of 3D printing melt models to constrain the effects different melt structures have on seismic wave velocities and properties. A suite of parameters will be determined which will be applied to real-world, active volcanic settings to better describe their eruption dynamics. The results from this work will be transferrable to any volcanic setting and may also inform deep Earth studies.