3D Image Guided Patient System for Stereotactic Radioth.

描述（由申请人提供）：随着3D适形的快速发展， 放射治疗和立体定向放射治疗，往往治疗小， 高度定制的临床靶点，剂量非常高， 设置精度变得更加重要。目前，许多关于早期肿瘤的研究 检测使用成像技术，如CT、MRI和SPECT，治疗计划 使用逆向计划的优化以及使用IMRT和SRT的射束管理。 患者再固定技术缺乏发展。 本文提出的SBIR努力的主要目标是开发一种新的 患者再固定技术可用于分次骨折的日常治疗 放疗该技术可以实现高精度和精度的范围内 1毫米，通过使用一种新型的高速三维（3D）摄像机。的 可以在患者之后捕获患者的精确3D表面图像 放置在治疗床上。表面图像与 根据先前CT扫描或3D视频图像创建的参考3D图像 患者处于计划的治疗位置。3D曲面拟合和 帧减法技术将产生关于 病人？的定位误差在所有六个自由度，有利于 重新定位调整。由于视频图像是即时获取的， 无框架患者再固定系统也提供了一种实时的解决方案， 检测和校正患者相对于治疗机的运动， 一个分数 在拟议的第一阶段工作中，我们将（1）设计一个准确的患者 使用3D摄像机的再固定系统;（2）构建 3D摄像机，并评估临床可行性;（3）开发拟议的 用于展开患者定位的3D图像减影和比较算法 （4）改进软件工具，使其交互式可视化，快速 量化3D定位误差;以及（5）执行患者重新定位实验。 拟定商业应用：所提出的3D成像技术为部分放射治疗重新定位应用增加了一个维度（字面上和比喻上），并将导致用于放射治疗的患者重新定位系统的新一代商业产品。 随着美国数百台放射治疗机和欧洲更多的放射治疗机的出现，临床上可接受的基于3D相机的再固定系统的市场非常重要。 如果成功，它将对生物医学研究产生重大影响，并将彻底改变目前癌症治疗中的许多固定方法。 它将在由于癌症、身体畸形、矫形、康复、住院医师培训和教育而进行的重建手术中找到用处。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): With rapid development in 3D conformal radiation therapy and stereotactic radiotherapy, which tends to treat small and highly tailored clinical targets with very high doses, increasingly stringent setup accuracy become more important. Currently, many researches in early tumor detection use imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and SPECT, treatment plan optimization using inverse planning, and beam management using IMRT and SRT. There are lack of development in patient refixation technique. The primary objective of the SBIR effort proposed herein is to develop a novel patient refixation technique feasible for daily treatment of fractionated radiotherapy. The technique can achieve a high accuracy and precision within 1-mm by using a novel high-speed three-dimensional (3D) video camera. The precise 3D-surface images of patient can be captured following the patient positioned on the treatment couch. The surface images are compared with the reference 3D image that is created from the previous CT scans or 3D-video image with the patient in the planned treatment position. The 3D surface fitting and frame subtraction techniques will generate quantitative parameters regarding patient?s positioning error in all six degree-of-freedom, facilitating the re-position adjustment. Because the video image is acquired instantly, this frame-less patient refixation system also provides a solution for the real-time detection and correction of patient motion relative to the treatment machine in a single fraction. In the proposed Phase 1 effort, we will (1) Design an accurate patient refixation system using a 3D video camera; (2) Build prototype hardware of the 3D video camera and assess the clinical feasibility; (3) Develop the proposed 3D image subtraction and comparison algorithms to unfold patient positioning error; (4) Improve the software tools to interactively visualize and rapidly quantify 3D positioning errors; and (5) Perform patient reposition experiments. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: The proposed 3D imaging technology adds one more dimension (literally and figuratively) to fractional radiation treatment repositioning applications, and will lead to a new generation of commercial products of patient repositioning systems for radiotherapy. With hundreds of radiation treatment machines in USA and many more in Europe, the market for a clinically acceptable 3D-camera-based refixation system is significant. If it succeeds, it will have a significant impact on biomedical research and will revolutionize many current practices in rafixation during cancer treatment. It would find utility in reconstructive surgery due to cancer, body deformities, orthotics, rehabilitation, resident training and education.