CORE--ASSESSMENT

评估核心(AC)协调并确保MARC核心评估议定书所有方面的质量控制。根据这里的定义，评估包括(I)收集血液样本(目标家庭)或口腔刷牙(所有家庭)以提取DNA，(Ii)管理和评分诊断性访谈，(Iii)收集问卷和核对表数据，(Iv)获取街区级别的人口普查区域数据，以确定家庭所在社区的特征，以及(V)获得学校系统数据，以确定参与者所就读的学校的特征。咨询委员会负责预先测试MARC研究项目共享的核心评估方案，并进行焦点小组、访谈和问卷预测测试，以微调旨在改善对青少年和青年物质参与的种族差异的了解的额外评估。AC教职员工将带头在现场进行面试官培训，并协助澳大利亚员工进行培训。咨询委员会负责监察所收集的访谈者数据的质素，包括：(A)审阅(“编辑”)已完成的访谈者的完整程度及遵守礼仪；(B)在有需要时就编码问题向诊断专家取得咨询；(C)向访谈者提供快速回馈，让研究参与者在有需要时可被重新联络，以获得澄清；(D)从已完成的访谈者中随机抽取5%的录音带样本，以监察访谈者遵守礼仪的情况；及(C)领导每两周一次的访谈者会议，以解答访谈者的问题及问题。咨询委员会工作人员将负责对评估方案进行持续的可靠性研究，通过电话诊断面谈初步评估的家庭将被带到MARC设施进行面谈(N=15个高危家庭，N=15个对照家庭，即每年约110人)。他们还将负责保持在澳大利亚进行实地工作的项目与其他项目之间的评估方法的一致性，方法是每年审查来自高风险和控制参与者的约30盘录音带，并与澳大利亚项目4协调员定期沟通。AC将负责提取DNA，并对STR标记进行分型，以进行非父子关系检测和确认同卵双胞胎的合子状态。最后，它将为遗传流行病学研究中的评估和病因学问题提供一个全国性的咨询资源。

The Assessment Core (AC) coordinates and ensures quality-control for all aspects of the MARC core assessment protocol. Assessment, as defined here, includes (i) collection of blood samples (targeted families) or buccal brushings (all families) for DNA extraction, (ii) administration and scoring of diagnostic interviews, (iii) collection of questionnaire and checklist data, (iv) acquiring block-level census tract data to characterize the neighborhoods in which families are living, and (v) obtaining school system data to characterize the schools participants have attended. The AC is responsible for pretesting the core assessment protocol shared by MARC research projects, as well as conducting focus groups and interview and questionnaire pretests to fine-tune additional assessments targeted at improved understanding of ethnic differences in adolescent and young adult substance involvement. AC faculty and staff will take the lead in interviewer training sessions conducted on-site as well as assisting with training sessions for Australian staff. The AC is responsible for monitoring the quality of interviewer data that are collected, by (a) reviewing ('editing') completed interviews for completeness and adherence to protocol, (b) obtaining consultations from diagnosticians on coding issues when necessary, (c) providing rapid feedback to interviewers, allowing study participants to be recontacted to obtain clarification where necessary, (d) reviewing a random 5% sample of audiotapes from completed interviews to monitor adherence to protocol, and (c) leading biweekly interviewer sessions to address interviewer questions and problems. AC staff will be responsible for conducting an ongoing reliability study of the assessment protocol, in which families assessed initially by telephone diagnostic interview will be brought in for in person-interviews at the MARC facility (N=15 high- risk, N=15 control families per year, i.e. approximately 110 individuals per year). They will also be responsible for maintaining consistency of assessment approaches between the project where the field work is conducted in Australia and the other projects, by annual review of approximately 30 audiotapes from high risk and control participants, and by regular communication with the Australian project 4 coordinator. The AC will be responsible for DNA extraction, and for typing STR markers for non-paternity detection and confirmation of zygosity status of dizygotic twin pairs. Finally, it will provide a national resource for consultation on assessment and nosologic issues in genetic-epidemiologic studies.