Tracing the nexus between trauma and technology in the modern understanding of political violence

创伤的起源和影响不仅与19世纪的技术发展交织在一起，而且创伤通过技术传播，往往以一种创伤性的方式传播。从无人机袭击、“我也是”标签，到授予难民身份的生物识别过滤器，创伤和技术正在共同构成现代政治暴力的当代定义。创伤通常被认为是我们这个时代的特征之一，指的是在经历了令人不安的事件后，一种无法被记忆同化的精神状态，这种状态将受害者过去的暴力经历瓦解为永恒的现在。在国际关系文献中，对创伤的研究集中在大规模暴力（如恐怖主义或战争强奸）及其后果对整个社区产生心理影响的方式上，而不一定集中在创伤的政治上，而是集中在其心理层面上。因此，技术通常被视为只是加强或增加心理创伤，而不是现代政治暴力形式的共同构成因素。因此，本项目寻求概念化和经验证据，证明这种共同构成如何运作，以定义超越其心理模式的政治暴力。在荣格尔、海德格尔和施密特的作品中发现了技术与暴力之间的早期联系，该项目试图证明整合技术是如何在政治上共同构成的，与创伤，现代政治暴力的形式——无论是性暴力，历史创伤事件的视觉表现，还是代表日常暴力的社交媒体的即时性和普遍性——这些都已经定义了我们的现代时代精神。

The origins and effects of trauma are not only intertwined with technological developments in the 19th century, but trauma is disseminated through technologies, often in a traumatizing fashion itself. From drone strikes, "me too" hashtags, or biometric filters to grant a refugee status, trauma and technology are co-constituting how modern political violence is contemporarily defined. Trauma, often presented as one of the defining features of our times, refers to a psychic state after a disturbing event, inassimilable through memory, which collapses the victim's violent experience of the past into an ever lasting present. In the International Relations literature, studies on trauma have concentrated on the ways in which mass-scale violence, such as terrorism or war rape, and their consequences, has psychologically affected whole communities, without necessarily concentrating on the politics of trauma, but rather on its psychological dimensions. Technology is then usually seen as only enhancing or increasing psychological trauma rather than a co-constitutive element in forms of modern political violence. This project thus seeks to conceptualize and empirically evidence how this co-constitution operates to define political violence beyond its psychological modalities. Genealogically engaging with the early connections between technology and violence found in the work of Junger, Heidegger, and Schmitt, the project seeks to evidence how integrating technology is politically co-constitutive, with trauma, of forms of modern political violence - whether sexual violence, visual representation of historically traumatic events, or social media immediacy and ubiquity in representing daily violence - that have come to define our modern Zeitgeist.