The resistible rise of Identity Politics? A cross-cultural analysis of national identity use within right-wing populism and counter-interventions

该提案寻求解决许多西方民主国家日益担忧的问题，即右翼民粹主义的抬头，以及社会认同被用于分裂、两极分化和歧视。该项目采用社会认同的方法，建议对右翼民粹主义内部利用‘人民’的社会认同进行比较调查，并制定和评估对此的干预措施。指导该项目的三个研究问题：RQ1。在右翼民粹主义中，“人民”的社会身份是如何构建的？在出于政治目的的排他性/分裂性话语中如何利用‘人民’的社会身份，是否有一套共同的主题/策略？这种共同性是否可以被用来设计干预措施，以防止社会认同被用于排外/分裂政治目的？研究设计阶段1最初的调查将是对两个民主国家(英国和美国)内三个不同政治事件的比较文献分析，以探索第一和第二个研究问题，即如何在右翼民粹主义和任何共同战略中构建“人民”的社会身份。这三个政治事件将是2016年5月的北爱尔兰议会选举，2016年11月的美国总统选举，以及2016年6月的英国脱欧公投。消息来源将是政党领导人的演讲和两份带有右翼编辑线条的报纸，时间段为每次公众投票前的六个月。主题分析将用于分析资料来源，因为它既符合不限成员名额的询问，又符合先验理论框架。其意图是既使用社会认同方法指导下的演绎编码，又使用归纳编码，保持对新模式的开放。主题的分组和标记将与研究问题和理论框架相关。研究设计阶段2阶段2将使用阶段1的主题材料来开发减少偏见干预。具体地说，这种干预将涉及在参与者之间引发关于社会身份的自我反身性思维过程。这一原则是基于研究表明，培养开放和深思熟虑的思维过程可以减少偏见态度背后的僵化、封闭的思维。然而，向非学术受众表达研究结果可能会有困难，因此为了帮助形成通俗易懂的语言风格，我们将首先与公众举行焦点小组，以开放的、共同学习的方式谈论第一阶段的材料。这是由参与性行动研究的实践指导的，在参与性行动研究中，参与者的知识受到重视，并将为共同开发参与和相关的干预措施提供信息。干预措施将使用混合测量设计进行评估，参与者因素作为条件(干预与控制)，参与者因素内的参与者因素作为态度测量(之前与之后)。参与者将被招募，实验将在网上进行，便于进行更大的样本，并模仿今天有多少人体验政治内容。参与者的群体间态度将在自我报告利克特量表上进行测量，首先是在看到一篇引发社会认同反应的文章后，然后是在展示和解构社会认同用来影响意见的策略的干预之后。在控制条件下，参与者将体验到一条讨论前一篇文章但没有任何社会身份评论的消息。小组内认同感的强度将在任何材料呈现之前被测量，以测量干预的适度效应。数据将使用t检验和缓和回归分析进行分析。

The proposal seeks to address a growing concern for many western democracies, the increase in right-wing populism and the co-opting of social identities for division, polarisation and discrimination. Using a Social Identity Approach the project proposes a comparative investigation into the use of social identities of 'the people' for division within right-wing populism and the development and evaluation of an intervention against this. Three research questions guide the project:RQ1. What are the ways that social identities of 'the people' are constructed within right-wing populism?RQ2. Are there a set of common themes/strategies in how social identities of 'the people' are used in exclusionary/divisive discourses for political purposes?RQ3. Can such commonality be used to design interventions against the use of social identities of 'the people' for exclusionary/divisive political purposes?Research Design Stage 1The initial investigation will be a comparative documentary analysis during three different political events within two democracies (UK and USA) to explore the first and second research questions on how social identities of 'the people' are constructed within right-wing populism and any common strategies.The three political events will be the May 2016 Northern Ireland Assembly elections, the US presidential election November 2016, and the UK Brexit referendum June 2016. Sources will be party leader speeches and two newspapers with right-wing editorial lines from a time period of six months leading up to each public vote. Thematic Analysis will be used to analyse sources due to its compatibility with both open ended enquiry and an a priori theoretical framework. The intention is to use both deductive coding, guided by the Social Identity Approach, but also inductive coding, remaining open to novel patterns. The grouping and labelling of themes will be related to the research questions and theoretical framework.Research Design Stage 2Stage 2 will use the thematic material from Stage 1 to develop a prejudice reduction intervention. Specifically, this intervention will involve eliciting self-reflexive thought processes about social identities among participants. This principle is based on research which demonstrates that fostering open and deliberative thought process can reduce inflexible, closed thinking behind prejudicial attitudes. However, there can be difficulty in phrasing findings to non-academic audiences, so to help with the development of an accessible language style we will first hold focus groups with members of the public to talk in an open, co-learning manner about the first stage material. This is guided by practices in participatory action research, where participant knowledge is valued and will inform the co-development of an intervention which is engaging and relevant.The intervention will be evaluated using a mixed-measure design with between participant factor as condition (intervention vs. control) and within participant factor as attitude measurement (before vs. after). Participants will be recruited and the experiment conducted online, facilitating a larger sample and mimicking how many people experience political content today. Participants' intergroup attitudes will be measured on a self-report Likert-scale, firstly after being shown an article to elicit social identity responses, and once more after the intervention which displays and deconstructs the strategies of social identity use to influence opinion. In control condition participants will experience a message discussing the previous article but without any social identity comments. Strength of in-group identification will be measured before any presentation of material to measure moderation effects on the intervention. Data will be analysed using t-tests and moderated regression analysis.