Regulation of exosomal autotaxin activity

自分泌运动因子（ATX）是一种溶血磷脂酶，其催化溶血磷脂酰胆碱的细胞外水解以产生溶血磷脂酸（LPA）。LPA作为6种G蛋白偶联细胞表面受体家族的激动剂，通过调节包括PI3激酶、磷脂酶C和腺苷酸环化酶的信号传导途径，调节肝细胞的生理功能，例如迁移、收缩、凋亡、增殖和HCV和HBV感染。值得注意的是，ATX和LPA是胎牛和其他细胞培养血清的重要成分。LPA激活细胞的能力受到细胞表面脂质磷酸盐磷酸酶（LPP）的调节，后者可快速降解LPA。

Autotaxin (ATX) is a lysophospholipase that catalyses the extracellular hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine to generate lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA acts as an agonist for a family of 6 G-protein coupled cell surface receptors regulating physiological functions such as migration, contraction, apoptosis, proliferation and HCV and HBV infection of liver cells through regulating signalling pathways including PI3kinase, phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase. Notably ATX and LPA are important constituents of foetal calf and other cell culture sera. The ability of LPA to activate cells is tempered by cell surface lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP) that rapidly degrade LPA.