CHANGE IN WOMEN'S ROLES & WELL-BEING: AGE-COHORT EFFECTS

这项研究将调查社会经济和人口统计学上具有代表性的中年女性的社会角色、个性和幸福。这项研究利用了前瞻性收集的800名妇女的数据，这些妇女是在平均年龄31岁时随机选择的，她们在1岁到10岁之间生了一个或多个孩子。对她们进行抽样的原始研究的目的仅限于调查她们子女的问题和发展过程；因此，采访这些妇女是因为她们构成了她们孩子的养育“环境”。1975年最初的采访重点是家庭背景、工作和健康状况、子女行为和育儿方式。在随后的采访中，平均年龄为39岁、42岁和48岁的患者将该方案扩展到包括女性的个性特征、抑郁、生活目标和婚姻关系。以前没有寻求资金来调查这些数据，目的是了解妇女的发展情况。这项拟议研究的目标是(1)进行第五波数据收集，以检查女性参与的生活角色(平均年龄为57岁)以及与有效心理功能、抑郁和总体生活满意度的关系；(2)利用所有五波数据来检查个人特征、社会角色和角色转换在预测中年幸福指标方面的相互和交互影响；(3)通过比较出生于二战后几年(婴儿潮一代)和之前出生(婴儿潮前一代)的女性(年龄相同)，来检查队列中是否存在不同的模式，(4)建立现代中年女性中年过程的寿命模型数据库。

This study will investigate social roles, personality, and well-being in a sample of socioeconomically and demographically representative women over the midlife years. The study capitalizes on prospectively gathered data on 800 women who were randomly selected at a mean age of 31 years when they had one or more children between one and 10 years old. The aims of the original study which they were sampled were limited to investigation of the problems and developmental course of their offspring; thus, the women were interviewed because they constituted the nurturing "environment" of their children. The initial 1975 interviews focused on family background, work and health status, offspring behavior, and parenting. In subsequent interviews, at mean ages 39, 42 and 48, the protocol was expanded to include women's personality characteristics, depression, life goals, and marital relationships. Previous funding has not been sought to investigate those data with a goal of understanding the development of the women. The goals of the proposed study are (1) to undertake a fifth wave of data collection to examine life roles engaged in women (mean age 57) and relationships with effective psychological functioning, depression, and overall life satisfaction, (2) to employ all five waves of data to examine reciprocal and interactive effects of personal characteristics and social roles and role transitions in predicting indicators of well-being across the midlife years, (3) to examine whether patterns differ across cohorts by comparing women born in the post World War II years (baby boomers) with those born before (pre-boomers), assessed at the same age, and (4) develop a data base for a life span model of the course of midlife in modern middle-aged women.