Effectiveness of Intervention on Health

产品说明：本研究的目的是开发量身定制的书面材料，并测试它们是否能增强小企业主对改善工作场所健康和安全的努力所产生的结果的信念。 增强的信念反过来会提高他们的态度和努力改进的意图。 书面材料的设计将强调那些信念的结果最高度相关的高意图的业主，使用书面格式和风格显示是最吸引小企业主。 这项研究是响应需要更多和更好的信息的干预措施的有效性确定NIOSH的国家职业研究议程。 这项研究将在两年内分两个阶段进行。 在第一阶段，提供各种形式的书面材料（通讯、杂志、报纸、小册子等）。和风格（案例研究，业主和工人的个人故事，漫画等）将通过一系列与小企业主的焦点小组进行开发和测试。 结果将用于确定业主在吸引力，可读性和有效性方面对哪些样式和格式的排名最高，以提供特定的健康和安全信息。 六至十二个单独的书面作品将开发，纳入焦点小组的结果。 在第二阶段，书面材料的有效性将在120名小企业主的随机对照试验中进行测试。 对照组和干预组（每组60名业主）的业主将完成一项关于改善健康和安全的意图、态度和结果信念的基线调查。 对照组的业主将每月或每两个月收到一份贸易通讯或期刊。 干预组的业主将收到相同的材料沿着针对特定健康和安全结果信念的定制书面材料。 在今年年底，两组业主将被要求完成一项后续调查，衡量他们的意图，态度和结果信念。 干预小组中的业主也会被要求对收到的具体材料发表意见。 预计干预组的平均研究前和研究后结果信念（以及可能的意图和态度）的差异将大于对照组。

DESCRIPTION: The purpose of this research is to develop tailored written materials and test whether they enhance small business owner's beliefs about outcomes that result from efforts to improve workplace health and safety. Enhanced beliefs will, in turn, raise their attitudes and intentions toward trying to make improvements. Written materials will be designed to emphasize those belief outcomes most highly associated with high-intentioned owners, using written formats and styles shown to be most attractive to small business owners. This research is responsive to the need for more and better information on the effectiveness of interventions identified by NIOSH's National Occupational Research Agenda. The research will take place in two phases over two years. In the first phase, a wide variety of written materials in various formats (newsletters, magazines, newspapers, brochures, etc.) and styles (case studies, personal stories from owners and workers, cartoons, etc.) will be developed and tested using a series of focus groups with small business owners. Results will be used to determine which styles and formats are ranked most highly by owners in attractiveness, readability, and effectiveness in delivering specific health and safety messages. Six to twelve separate written pieces will be developed, incorporating the focus group results. In the second phase, the effectiveness of written materials will be tested in a randomized, controlled trial with 120 owners of small businesses. Owners in control and intervention groups (60 owners in each group) will complete a baseline survey of intentions, attitudes and outcome beliefs toward improving health and safety. Owners in the control group will receive monthly or bi-monthly mailings of a trade newsletter or journal. Owners in the intervention group will receive the same materials along with tailored written materials aimed at specific health and safety outcome beliefs. At the end of the year, owners in both groups will be asked to complete a follow up survey measuring their intentions, attitudes and outcome beliefs. Owners in the intervention group will also be asked for their opinions on the specific materials received. It is expected that the difference in mean pre- and post-study outcome beliefs (and perhaps intentions and attitudes) will be greater in the intervention than the control group.