Memory Errors in Children's Dietary Recalls

描述（由申请人提供）：24小时回忆是美国饮食调查最常用的方法，通常用于从儿童那里获取信息;然而，验证研究表明，儿童饮食回忆的准确性不足。具体地说，孩子忽略（不报告）消费的项目，并侵入（误报）未消费的项目。此外，孩子们可能会把一天消费的物品与另一天消费的物品混淆。虽然儿童（和成人）报告他们的摄入量的项目，回忆准确率相比，实际摄入量通常是间接评估的营养水平，这可能会出现高的一些营养素，因为入侵可能会弥补遗漏。许多研究表明，对于成年人来说，随着体重指数（BMI）的增加，能量摄入量的低报也会增加。 这个为期两年的项目的目标是更好地了解报告错误的儿童的饮食回忆，以及这种错误对报告性能的影响，通过进行心理分析。 本研究将对先前从三项研究中的294名四年级儿童收集的数据进行创新性分析，这些研究共验证了586次饮食回忆与观察。研究问题是：1）当儿童报告某一天（目标日或参考日）的饮食摄入量时，在多大程度上，入侵更有可能是儿童在目标日或之前不久接触的物品，而不是其他物品？2)在何种程度上，在营养水平上评估的回忆准确性与在项目水平上评估的回忆准确性相似？ 3)儿童报告错误的任何方面与BMI有关吗？具体来说，是否存在净漏报的趋势，或侵入和遗漏之间的任何特定模式，随着BMI的增加而增加？ 对这些问题的回答将提高我们对儿童饮食召回报告错误的理解;这种理解将为旨在提高儿童召回准确性的方法的发展提供信息。 更准确的回忆，从儿童将允许更好地评估饮食和健康之间的关系，并促进发展战略，以促进健康的饮食摄入。 健康的饮食习惯将降低患心血管疾病等慢性疾病的风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The 24-hour recall is the most commonly used method for dietary surveys in the US and is often used to obtain information from children; however, validation studies indicate that the accuracy of children's dietary recalls is inadequate. Specifically, children omit (fail to report) items consumed, and intrude (falsely report) items not consumed. Furthermore, children may confuse items consumed one day with items consumed another day. Although children (and adults) report their intake in terms of items, recall accuracy compared to actual intake is typically assessed indirectly at the nutrient level, which may appear high for some nutrients because intrusions may compensate for omissions. Numerous studies indicate that, for adults, underreporting of energy intake increases as body mass index (BMI) increases. The goal of this two-year project is to better understand reporting errors in children's dietary recalls, and the impact of such errors on reporting performance, by conducting psychologically-informed analyses. Innovative analyses will be conducted on data collected previously from 294 fourth-grade children in three studies, which validated a total of 586 dietary recalls with observations. The research questions are: 1) When children report dietary intake for a particular day (the target, or reference, day), to what extent are intrusions more likely to be items to which the child was exposed on or shortly before the target day than to be other items? 2) To what extent does recall accuracy assessed at the nutrient level parallel that assessed at the item level? 3) Is any aspect of children's reporting errors related to BMI? Specifically, is there a tendency for net underreporting, or any particular pattern between intrusions and omissions, that increases as BMI increases? Answers to these questions will improve our understanding of reporting errors in children's dietary recalls; this understanding will inform the development of methods intended to enhance the accuracy of children's recalls. More accurate recalls from children would permit better evaluation of the relationship between diet and health, and facilitate the development of strategies to promote healthful dietary intake. Healthful dietary habits will decrease the risk of such chronic diseases as cardiovascular diseases.