Human traffickers in the UK and Australia: a comparative study on criminal trajectories.

从政治行为者到非政府组织，全球都对人口贩运产生了兴趣（Elliott, 2015）。人口贩运是一种复杂的、多方面的跨国犯罪，通常与全球化和移民流动的兴起有关（Atasu-Topcuolu, 2015; Shelley, 2010）。澳大利亚和英国被认为是一级国家，这意味着它们在打击人口贩运方面的努力排名很高，但两国处理的移民流动截然不同（国务院，2017年）。有人认为，由于自由流动的消亡，英国脱欧后人口贩运将会增加（ATMG, 2017）。到目前为止，大多数关于人口贩运的研究都集中在受害者身上（Contreras， Kallivayalil和Herman, 2017; Elliott, 2015），而人口贩运者的犯罪途径仍然知之甚少（Board 2015）。本研究通过对英国和澳大利亚的犯罪轨迹进行比较研究，考察导致个人成为人贩子的“推”和“拉”因素，试图解决这一差距。该研究将采用解释学解释主义方法，侧重于定性研究（Bryman, 2016）。将与人口贩运者、刑事司法机构和非政府组织进行面谈，以全面了解可能导致个人成为人口贩运者的因素，以及这些因素在各自国家是否有所不同。我将对司法记录和媒体出版物等文件进行内容分析，突出人贩子的人口特征。收集的数据将被转录和编码，以确定分析的关键主题。

There has been global interest in human trafficking from political actors to NGOs (Elliott, 2015). Human trafficking is a complex and multifaceted transnational crime, generally linked to the rise of globalisation and migration flows (Atasu-Topcuolu, 2015; Shelley, 2010). Australia and the UK are considered to be tier 1 countries meaning they rank highly in their efforts in combating human trafficking, however both countries deal with quite different migration flows (Department of State, 2017). It has been suggested human trafficking will increase after Brexit due to the demise of free movement (ATMG, 2017). So far, most studies into human trafficking have focused on the victims (Contreras, Kallivayalil and Herman, 2017; Elliott, 2015), while the offending pathways of a human trafficker is still poorly understood (Board 2015). This research seeks to address this gap by developing a comparative study investigating criminal trajectories in the UK and Australia by looking at the 'push' and 'pull' factors that contribute to an individual becoming a human trafficker. The research will take a hermeneutic interpretivist approach focusing on qualitative research (Bryman, 2016). Interviews will be conducted with human traffickers, criminal justice agencies and NGOs to gain a holistic perspective as to what factors may contribute to an individual becoming a human trafficker and if these factors differ in the respective countries. I will conduct content analysis on documents such as judicial records and media publications to highlight demographic characteristics of human traffickers. The collected data will be transcribed and coded to identify key themes for analysis.