A Feasibility Study on Integrating Electric Buses with Waste Gasification for a Green Public Transport System and Solid Waste Management

“引言与目的目前格拉斯哥的公共交通巴士主要以柴油为动力。这些公共汽车通常使用柴油内燃机，噪音大，是城市空气污染物（如碳氢化合物，NOx和颗粒物（PM））的主要来源。此外，公交车的柴油消耗导致公共交通系统的温室气体（GHG）足迹很高。燃料电池电动巴士是一个很好的替代品，具有噪音小和空气污染小的优点。然而，燃料电池电动公交车的碳足迹在很大程度上取决于氢的来源，如果氢生产过程具有较低的碳足迹，那么燃料电池电动公交车将是碳友好的。该项目是一个混合动力系统的可行性研究，该系统将燃料电池电动公交车系统与格拉斯哥的分散式生物质废物气化制氢系统相结合。氢气来源于来自生物质废物气化的合成气的水煤气变换反应，其具有总体负碳足迹。在气化站的支持下部署电动公交车将有助于改善格拉斯哥的城市空气质量，并减少格拉斯哥公共交通系统的碳足迹。我们将使用基于蒙特卡罗模拟的成本效益分析（CBA）和生命周期评估（LCA）来绘制混合动力系统的经济可行性以及碳和PM减排潜力。最佳系统配置（例如，规模、气化的操作条件和储氢技术的选择）将被决定。我们还将比较拟议的系统与现有的柴油为基础的系统在经济和环境的可持续性。将评估混合系统对格拉斯哥整体公共交通系统和废物管理系统的经济和环境影响。最后，根据分析的可行性边界条件，提出相关政策建议和补贴激励措施。"

"Introduction & ObjectivesThe current public transport buses are mainly powered by diesel in Glasgow. These buses generally use diesel based internal combustion engine and, are noisy and a major contributor to urban air pollutants such as hydrocarbons, NOx and particulate matters (PM). Additionally, the diesel consumption by buses leads to a high greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint for the public transport system. Fuel cell electric buses are excellent alternatives with the advantages of being less noisy and air polluting. However, the carbon footprint of fuel cell electric buses is largely dependent on the sources of hydrogen and will be carbon friendly if the hydrogen production process has a lower carbon footprint. This project is a feasibility study on a hybrid system that combines fuel cell electric bus systems with decentralized biomass waste gasification-derived hydrogen generation systems in Glasgow. The hydrogen is derived from the water gas shift reaction of syngas from the gasification of biomass waste, which has an overall negative carbon footprint. Deploying electric buses with the support from gasification stations will serve to improve the urban air quality of Glasgow and reduce the carbon footprint of Glasgow's public transport system. We will map the economic feasibility, and carbon and PM emission saving potential of the hybrid system using Monte Carlo simulation-based cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and life cycle assessment (LCA). Optimum system configurations (e.g., scale, operating conditions of gasification, and selection of hydrogen storage techniques) will be decided. We will also compare the proposed system with the existing diesel-based system regarding economics and environmental sustainability. The economic and environmental impacts of the hybrid system on the overall public transport system and waste management system of Glasgow will be evaluated. Finally, relevant policy and subsidy incentives will be suggested based on the feasibility boundary conditions of the analysis. "