Simulation of Confinement Dynamics on a Quantum Computer

禁闭是一种当两个粒子之间的吸引力随着它们的距离而增长时发生的现象，最突出的是在夸克之间的量子色动力学中发现的。在凝聚态物理学中，类似的物理现象发生在量子自旋链中，例如在一维横向场ldIsing模型中加上一个额外的纵向场，或者在CoNb2O6（钴酸盐）的实验中测量[1]。最突出的是，在量子猝灭之后可以看到限制的效果，量子猝灭是描述系统的哈密顿量的突然变化[2]。这些影响已被证明发生在短链以及在短时间内。这使得限制成为测试量子计算机能力的理想量子效应，因为在长时间内，目前对相当大的系统进行的量子模拟仍然存在较大的误差。在这个项目中，约束的基本物理学将与最先进的量子计算机上的量子模拟有关。我们的目标是基准的最佳初始条件，参数和签名（S）的约束被发现，最大限度地提高模拟的清晰度。利用这些结果，将在一个真实的IBM超导量子器件上进行模拟，并将结果与经典模拟进行比较。量子限制是一种非微扰的相互作用效应，它的量子模拟为探索超越经典计算机能力的新量子现象提供了可能性。

Confinement is a phenomenon that occurs when the attraction between two particles grows with their distance, most prominently found in quantum chromo-dynamics between quarks. In condensed matter physics similar physics occurs in quantum spin chains, for example in the one dimensional transverse field ldIsing model with an additional longitudinal field or as measured in experiments on CoNb2O6 (cobalt niobate) [1]. Most prominently, the effects of confinement can be seen after a quantum quench, a sudden change in the Hamiltonian describing the system [2]. These effects have been shown to occur on short chains as well as in short time periods. This makes confinement an ideal quantum effect to test the capabilities of quantum computers, since large errors are still present in current quantum simulations of sizable systems over long time periods. In this project, the underlying physics of confinement will be explored in relation to quantum simulation on state-of the art quantum computers. The goal is to benchmark the optimal initial conditions, parameters and signature(s) of confinement to be found that maximise the clarity of simulations. Using these results, simulations on a real IBM superconducting quantum device will be performed and results compared to classical simulations. Quantum confinement is a non-perturbative interaction effect and its quantum simulation opens the possibilities to explore new quantum phenomena beyond the capabilities of classical computers.