Modelling the city from the kitchen to the national grid: multi-scale Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring

该项目旨在监测整个城市不同规模的人员流动，特别关注过渡空间，以便为空间的运营使用和设计/规划提供信息。过渡空间，特别是其中和通过它们的人员流动将被用作透镜，通过它来解决数据发现，管理和治理问题，调查标准，技术和流程，以及如何将这些系统纳入建模系统，以改善当前的理解。重点关注过渡空间是因为这是关键点所在，因此提高其效率可以在整个城市中产生传播效益，包括相互依赖的基础设施，以及使使用空间的人更安全。该项目提出的研究问题是：* 在城市内不同尺度下，需要哪些数据和数据收集方法，分析和可视化？*在使数据在整个城市共享和访问时可用时，需要什么样的数据管理、访问和隐私标准？*如何使多个物联网系统（特别是用于人员监控的系统）实现互操作，并随后集成到一个无缝系统中？*需要哪些分析模型来加强对城市的了解，以及如何收集参数化所需的数据？与这些研究问题相关的目标是：1）对文献进行全面审查，包括现有的技术，分析和标准2）开发和比较不同的人员监测方法，这些方法可以应用于不同的地点，并可以在整个城市中扩展3）开发和设计标准，以促进数据共享的原型API，并随后原型应用程序，以集成人员监测系统;这还应考虑数据安全和隐私4）开发原型分析工具，一个例子是使用基于代理的模型执行预测建模，该模型可以使用跨域的传感器数据进行参数化、增强和验证。为了主要回答这些问题并解决这些目标，将研究一组用例。纽卡斯尔作为一个城市，将被用作该项目的工具，因为其位置便利，并且城市观测站已经建立了现有的物联网监测基础设施。然而，研究将继续转移到其他城市提供足够的合适的基础设施存在。这些用例将利用纪念碑地铁站和城市科学大楼作为研究的试验台。

This project aims to monitor people movement at different scales across the city, with a particular focus on transitional spaces, in order to inform operational usage and design/planning of spaces. Transitional spaces and especially people movement within and through them will be used as the lens through which the issues of data discovery, management and governance will be addressed investigating standards, technologies and processes and how these systems can be integrated within modelling systems to improve current understanding. The focus on transitional spaces is because this is where pinch points occur, so making it more efficient can lead to propagated benefits across the city as a whole, including their interdependent infrastructure, as well as making it safer for the people using the spaces.The research questions proposed by this project are:* What data and methods of data collection, analysis and visualisation is required to model people movement at different scales within the city?* What standards of data management, access and privacy are needed when making data useable in a shared and accessible across the city?* How can multiple IoT systems, particularly those for people monitoring, be made interoperable and subsequently integrated into a seamless system?* What analytical models are required to enhance understanding of the city, and how can the data needed to parametrise them be collected?The objectives related to these research questions are:1) Conduct a comprehensive review of the literature, including the pre-existing technology, analytics and standards2) Develop and compare different methods of people monitoring, which can be applied to various locations and scalable throughout the city3) Develop, and design standards to facilitate, a prototype API for data sharing, and subsequently prototype an application to integrate people monitoring systems; this shall also consider data security and privacy4) Develop prototype analytical tools, an example being to perform predictive modelling using an Agent Based Model which can be parametrised, enhanced and validated using sensor data across domains.In order to primarily answer these questions and address these objectives, a group of use cases will be worked on. Newcastle, as a city, will be utilised as a vehicle for the project, given its convenient location and pre-existing IoT monitoring infrastructure that the Urban Observatory have established. However, the research will remain transferable to other cities providing sufficient suitable infrastructure exists. The use cases are set to utilise Monument Metro Station and the Urban Sciences Building as testbeds for the research.