Structure Formation Through Coriolis Effects in Rotating Fluid Flows 1=Engineering 2=Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics

大气和海洋中的大规模地球物理流动以及旋转机械中的流动都会受到科里奥利力对流动液体的作用所产生的独特效应。由于背景系统旋转，科里奥利力导致许多流动现象，这些现象对于不熟悉旋转流体理论的人来说通常是非常违反直觉的。例子包括泰勒-普劳德曼定理、泰勒柱、二维湍流及其令人惊讶的逆能量级联，其中有序从湍流无序中发展出来，沿着沿着等压线而不是垂直于这些等压线流动，以及惯性波。理论公式存在，预测这些现象的方面。然而，在许多情况下，促进结构形成的物理机制，例如，从无序和其他现象，仍然是一个激烈的辩论。Booth先生将使用我们的旋转台设备（高6米，直径1.5米）上的大型水箱进行实验研究，并使用最先进的现代测量技术（例如粒子图像测速仪（PIV））研究泰勒柱的形成和相关现象。特别是，他将研究，例如，科里奥利效应的射流和喷流的流动动力学。这些代表了在自然环境和应用工程环境中遇到的两种通用流动结构的例子。这项研究的目的是阐明这些结构的流体动力学的基本物理过程时，修改科里奥利效应。我们在工程学院独特的实验室设施，使目前在其他地方不可能的实验。根据研究的实验部分的进展，有范围进行并发计算模拟的一些方面的调查。作为该项目的一部分，我们还计划与旋转流学科领域的两位领先理论家（剑桥大学工程系Peter A Davidson教授和考文垂大学流体和复杂系统学院研究中心Alban Potherat教授）密切合作。

Large-scale geophysical flows in the atmosphere and the oceans, as well as flows in rotating machinery, are subject to unique effects arising from the action of the Coriolis force on the flowing liquid. Coriolis forces, due to background system rotation, result in many flow phenomena that are often highly counter intuitive to anyone not familiar with the theory of rotating fluids. Examples include the Taylor-Proudman theorem, Taylor columns, two-dimensional turbulence with its surprising inverse energy cascade where order develops out of turbulent disorder, flow along isobars instead of perpendicular to these and inertial waves. Theoretical formulations exist that predict aspects of these phenomena. However, in many cases the physical mechanism that does facilitate, for instance, structure formation out of disorder and other phenomena, are still a matter of intense debate. Mr Booth will conduct an experimental study using the large-scale tank on our rotating-turntable facility (height 6 metres, diameter 1.5 metre) and study effects such as the formation of Taylor columns and related phenomena using state-of-the-art modern measurement technologies, e.g. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). In particular, he will study, for instance, Coriolis effects on the flow dynamics of jets and puffs. These represent examples of two generic flow structures encountered in the natural environment and in applied engineering contexts. The goal of the research is to shed light on the underlying physical process governing the flow dynamics of these structures when modified by Coriolis effects. Our unique laboratory facility at the School of Engineering enables experiments that are currently not possible elsewhere. Depending on the progress of the experimental part of the study, there is scope to perform concurrent computational simulations of some of the aspects investigated. As part of the project, we moreover plan to work in close collaboration with two of the leading theoreticians in the subject area of rotating flows (Prof. Peter A Davidson, University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering and Prof. Alban Potherat, Coventry University, Faculty Research Centre in Fluid and Complex Systems).