Hybrid geodemographics and creation of the 2021 Output Area Classification (ONS Collab)

地理人口统计是邻里条件的小区域指标，通常用于描述城镇和城市的多样化居住地理。虽然这种方法起源于20世纪20年代芝加哥城市社会学家帕克和伯吉斯的原始数据收集，但将社区归属于社会，经济和人口类型的程序依赖于20世纪80年代之前人口普查的二手数据。随着在商业和公共服务提供方面的应用的出现，数据得到了补充，并部分被商业和公开来源所取代，这些来源提供了更高的更新频率和深度（特别是在确定收入和支出偏好方面）。在过去十年中，人口普查的改善和开放数据运动的创新导致增加了开放的地理人口分类，使数据和方法更加透明。最后一项创新是重新配置和重新使用普查数据，对夜间居住以外的活动，特别是工作场所或其延伸部分进行小面积分类，以探索不同的时间地理，在第一个工作环节，将评价根据常规普查数据编制2011年和2001年产出地区分类所用的方法，和邻里变化的统计数据将进行比较，并为英国的城市和区域系统的不同部分进行对比。在第二个工作链中，学生将开发定期（例如每年）更新输出区域分类的方法。研究的第三部分将使用消费者数据来分析与社区相关的整体活动模式，以及它们与工作区地理位置的相互关系。这将是一个影响力很大的项目。2001年和2011年OAC产品已通过国家统计局网站提供，吸引了来自地方当局、商业和工业部门的广泛用户群。此外，这项研究产生的分类将使用非常受欢迎和高度互动的maps.cdrc.ac.uk网站进行映射，ONS将考虑振兴OAC 2011用户组，该用户组吸引了来自英国各地地方当局和政府的成员。此外，我们预计，根据2017年数字经济法案或通过相关自愿活动向ONS提供数据的企业将对活动指标感兴趣。这里提出的议程也有明确的相关性，零售商和企业的利益，在商店位置规划和提供offacilities，以改善客户体验的多渠道零售。

Geodemographics are small area indicators of neighbourhood conditions, conventionally used to depict the variegated residential geographies of towns and cities. Although the approach has its roots in the primary data collection of urban sociologists Park and Burgess in 1920s Chicago, procedures of ascribing neighbourhoods to social, economic and demographic types relied upon secondary data from population censuses until the 1980s. With the advent of applications in commerce and public service delivery, data have been supplemented and partially replaced by commercial and open sources that offered greater frequency of update and depth (particularly in ascertaining income and spending preferences). Over the last ten years, improved access to censuses and the innovation of the Open Data movement has led to the addition of open geodemographic classifications that present greater transparency of data and methods. A final innovation has been the reconfiguration and re-use of census data to provide small area classification of activities other than night-time residence, specifically workplaces or their extension to explore varying temporal geographies.In the first work strand, the methodologies used to develop the 2011 and 2001 Output Area Classifications (OACs) from conventional Census data will be evaluated, and neighbourhood change statistics will be compared and contrasted for different parts of the UK's urban and regional system. In the second work strand, the student will develop methods for regularly (e.g. annually) updating Output Area Classifications. A third strand of the research will use consumer data to characterise the overall activity patterns associated with neighbourhoods, and their interrelatedness with workplace zone geographies. This will be a high impact project. The 2001 and 2011 OAC products have been made available through the ONS website and have attracted a wide user base from within the local authority, business and industry sectors. In addition, the classification arising from this research will be mapped using the very popular and highly interactive maps.cdrc.ac.uk website and ONS will consider rejuvenating the OAC 2011 User group which attracted membership from local authorities and government across the UK. Additionally, we anticipate that the activity indicators will be of interest to the businesses that supply data to ONS under the terms of the 2017 Digital Economies Act or through associated voluntary activities. The agenda that is proposed here also has clear relevance to retailers and businesses with interests in store location planning and the provision offacilities to improve customer experience of multi-channel retailing.