Retinoids and Substances of Abuse in HIV-1 Infection

描述：（由申请人提供）HIV感染的神经系统疾病 与神经系统组织损伤有关， 促炎细胞因子和其他可溶性因子， 活化的单核吞噬细胞（MP）。在本建议中，我们将研究 类维生素A抑制免疫系统中促炎活性的机制 来自HIV感染个体的细胞和免疫细胞系。类维生素A， 维生素A相关化合物，已被证明可以抑制这种 免疫活性，并且在m-1感染的研究中，可以抑制 病毒感染的单核细胞系。在艾滋病毒1型（艾滋病毒）感染者中 感染，维生素A缺乏与增加的风险有关， 出现艾滋病相关并发症然而，在大多数情况下， 在临床试验中给予维生素A与 改善艾滋病毒相关临床参数。我们之前的研究表明 1）血浆中维生素A代谢的参数低于 艾滋病毒感染者比非感染者，这表明， 在CSF中可以观察到异常; 2）血浆视黄醇水平较低， 血清阴性的慢性炎症性神经系统疾病患者比 患有非炎性神经系统疾病的对照受试者和 这些具有免疫调节剂的个体与特异性 对类维生素A受体亚型表达模式的影响; 3）类维生素A化合物 抑制外周血免疫细胞产生促炎细胞因子 在细胞系中，类维生素A诱导的抑制性 活性可通过同时将细胞暴露于吗啡或 可卡因因此，我们提出这项建议的目的如下：1） 检测单核细胞表达促炎细胞因子（TNF-α） 来自阿片类药物使用者和有或没有HIV史的非药物使用者的细胞 感染; 2）检查特异性类维生素A受体激活的影响 在类维生素A暴露的单核细胞系中引起的免疫效应; 3） 研究滥用物质（吗啡和可卡因）对 由类视色素受体激动剂和受体诱导的特异性免疫应答 单核细胞系中的拮抗剂;和4）并评估 在类维生素A和物质的作用中抑制核NF-κ B结合 滥用促炎细胞因子产生的患者细胞， 单核细胞系。这些研究将扩大我们对 类维生素A化合物对HIV感染者的免疫作用， 导致有效的方法来治疗感染及其 维生素A的并发症

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) Neurologic disease in HIV infection has been associated with damage to nervous system tissue induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and other soluble factors that are released by activated mononuclear phagocytes (MP). In this proposal, we will examine mechanisms by which retinoids suppress pro-inflammatory activity in immune cells from individuals with HIV infection and in immune cell lines. Retinoids, which are vitamin A-related compounds, have been demonstrated to suppress such immune activity, and, in studies of m -1 infection, can suppress replication of virus in infected mononuclear cell lines. Among individuals with HIV-1 (HIV) infection, vitamin A deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of developing HIV-related complications. However, in most cases, the administration of vitamin A in clinical trials has not been associated with improvement in HIV-related clinical parameters. Our prior studies demonstrate that 1) parameters of vitamin A metabolism in plasma are lower among HIV-infected individuals than among non-infected subjects and suggest that such abnormalities can be observed in CSF; 2) plasma retinol levels are lower in seronegative patients with chronic inflammatory neurologic disease than in control subjects with non-inflammatory neurologic disease and treatment of these individuals with an immunomodulatory agent is associated with specific effects on retinoid receptor subtype expression patterns; 3) retinoid compounds suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood immune cells and cell lines and that, in the cell lines, retinoid-induced suppressive activity can be inhibited by simultaneous exposure of the cells to morphine or cocaine. Therefore, we propose the following aims for this proposal: 1) to examine the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-a) by mononuclear cells from opiate users and non-drug users with or without a history of HIV infection; 2) to examine the effects of specific retinoid receptor activation on the immune effects elicited in retinoid-exposed mononuclear cell lines; 3) to examine the effects of substances of abuse (morphine and cocaine) on specific immune responses induced by retinoid receptor agonists and receptor antagonists in mononuclear cell lines; and 4) and to assess the role of inhibition of nuclear NF-KB binding in the effects of retinoids and substances of abuse on pro-inflammatory cytokine production by the patient cells and by the mononuclear cell lines. These studies will broaden our understanding of the immune effects of retinoid compounds in individuals with HIV infection, and may lead to effective approaches to the treatment of the infection and its complications with vitamin A.