Prenatal Insecticide Exposures Among Urban Minorities

描述（由申请人提供）：该研究的目标是：(1)评估纽约市一组城市少数民族妇女孕期用于住宅害虫防治的杀虫剂组合随时间的变化；(2)评估产前暴露于新杀虫剂的程度，这些杀虫剂正在被使用，以取代正在逐步淘汰的旧的有机磷酸盐和氨基甲酸盐。提出的研究是及时的。在纽约市的少数族裔妇女中，住宅杀虫剂的使用很普遍。哥伦比亚儿童环境健康中心进行的纵向队列研究的数据表明，85%的妇女在怀孕期间采取了害虫控制措施，几乎一半的妇女使用灭虫剂、喷雾剂和害虫炸弹。然而，由于美国环保署的监管行动和农药制造商积极努力逐步淘汰室内使用的有机磷和氨基甲酸酯，用于住宅害虫控制的杀虫剂组合正在迅速变化。我们的数据表明，1999年至2001年间，有机磷和氨基甲酸酯暴露量显著下降，但自我报告的农药使用习惯没有变化。根据环保署的建议以及我们和其他人进行的调查，我们已经确定了22种潜在的替代杀虫剂。拟议中的研究将确定纽约市少数族裔社区正在使用哪些杀虫剂来取代较老的有机磷酸酯和氨基甲酸酯，并将评估怀孕期间接触新使用杀虫剂的水平。这项研究的效率很高，因为它将利用正在进行的中心研究中收集和储存的样本。具体目的是：(1)收集115名非裔美国人和多米尼加妇女在1月1日至12月31日期间怀孕期间的农药使用问卷数据；(2)测量在妊娠晚期收集的母亲的厨房灰尘和个人空气样本中替代杀虫剂的水平，作为使用和吸入暴露的剂量计；(3)测量115对母亲/新生儿尿液和脐带血样本中替代杀虫剂的水平，作为产前暴露的内部剂量计。该研究将为这一少数群体在怀孕期间接触农药提供重要信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goals of the research are: (1) to assess the change over time in the mix of pesticides being used for residential pest control among a cohort of urban minority women from New York City during pregnancy and (2) to evaluate the extent of prenatal exposure to the newer insecticides that are coming into use to replace the older organophosphates and carbamates that are being phased out. The proposed research is timely. Residential insecticide use is widespread among minority women from New York City. Data from our longitudinal cohort study being conducted by the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health indicate that 85% of the women use pest control measures during pregnancy and almost half use exterminators, can sprays and pest bombs. However, the mix of insecticides being used for residential pest control is changing rapidly as a result of regulatory action by the U.S. EPA and proactive efforts on the part of the pesticide manufacturers to phase-out indoor uses of the organophosphates and carbamates. Our data indicate that organophosphate and carbamate exposures have decreased significantly between 1999 and 2001, but there has been no change in self-reported pesticide-use habits. We have identified 22 potential replacement insecticides based on recommendations from the EPA and surveys that we and others have conducted. The proposed research would determine which of the insecticides are coming into use to replace the older organophosphates and carbamates in minority communities of New York City and would evaluate exposure levels to the newer-use insecticides during pregnancy. The research is highly efficient in that it will make use of samples collected and stored under the ongoing Center study. The specific aims are to: (1) gather questionnaire data on pesticide use from 115 African-American and Dominican women enrolled during pregnancy between 1/1/02-12/31/04; (2) measure levels of the replacement insecticides in paired kitchen dust and personal air samples collected from the mothers during the 3rd trimester as a dosimeter of use and inhalation exposure; and (3) measure levels of the replacement insecticides in urine and umbilical cord blood samples collected from 115 mother/newborn pairs as an internal dosimeter of prenatal exposures. The research will provide important information about pesticide exposure during pregnancy among this minority cohort.