Simulating and optimising the performance of the building stock.

2014年，英国的建筑存量占全国温室气体排放量的34%，而且每年的替代率很低，约为1-1.5%。因此，重要的是提高现有库存的能源效率，以满足未来的国家排放目标。改造是提高现有建筑效率的基础，然而相关的决策过程受到许多相互冲突的标准的影响。这个问题在存量层面上更加严重，因为决策者必须平衡各种因素，包括与能源有关的、环境的、社会的、金融的等等。此外，还缺乏发达的方法来协助这一点。改造优化工具已被开发并应用于个别建筑；然而，很少有研究执行库存水平优化。因此，这项研究质疑了在库存水平上优化建筑改造的可能性。该研究旨在开发一种方法，允许多目标优化在股票的一部分进行。这种方法非常适合有预算/资源限制的场景，这在现实场景中经常出现。这种方法可能对地方当局很有价值，其中许多地方当局目前正在确定最佳策略，以使其建筑存量脱碳

The UK building stock accounted for 34% of the nation's greenhouse gas emissions in 2014, and has a low replacement rate of around 1-1.5% per year. The importance thus falls on improving the energy efficiency of the existing stock to meet future national emission targets. Retrofitting is fundamental to improving the efficiency of existing buildings, however the associated decision-making process is subject to many conflicting criteria. This problem is exacerbated at the stock level where the decision-maker must balance factors including those which are energy-related, environmental, social, financial, and so forth. Furthermore, there is a lack of developed methods to assist with this. Retrofit optimisation tools have been developed and applied to individual buildings; however there are very few studies which perform stock-level optimisation. This research thus questions the extent to which it is possible to optimise building retrofits at the stock-level. The research aims to develop a methodology which allows multi-objective optimisation to be performed over a segment of the stock. This kind of approach is well suited to scenarios where there is a constraint on budget/resources, which is often the case in real-world scenarios. Such a methodology could be valuable to local authorities, many of which are currently in the process of determining the best strategies to decarbonise their building stock