The Decline and Resilience of Irony in Post-1989 Italian Literature.

我的研究重点是讽刺在1989年后意大利文学中的作用。自2000年代以来，讽刺经常与后现代主义、超然的智力和无意义的玩笑联系在一起。在一场相当激烈的辩论中，评论家和作家开始呼吁新的参与和真诚形式，以便为艺术家和知识分子介入公共领域开辟新的空间。大卫•福斯特•华莱士（David Foster Wallace）和吴明（Wu Ming）等作家在没有明确谴责讽刺是一种危险的两面派或疲惫不堪的工具时，往往会把讽刺放在一边。另一方面，20世纪意大利传统的讽刺作家（如卡洛·埃米利奥·加达、伊塔洛·卡尔维诺、翁贝托·艾柯）对当代艺术家的影响使当前的意大利语境尤为复杂和独特。因此，我的项目分析了活跃在这一时期的两个意大利作家群体（20世纪90年代的意大利纸浆食人族和21世纪初的吴明集体）和一个特定类型（沃尔特·西蒂、蒂齐亚诺·斯卡帕和米歇尔·马里的自述小说）对讽刺的使用。它提出了一个问题：讽刺仍然是前沿吗？它的目的是证明讽刺，虽然理论上被驳回，作为一种哲学和政治态度，而不仅仅是一种修辞。事实上，它将证明，超越后现代的反讽不仅仅是破坏真诚或取悦读者的工具，而是作家在社会领域中进行一致和有效批评的尖锐工具。

My research focuses on the role of irony in post-1989 Italian literature. Since the 2000s, irony hasfrequently been associated with postmodernism, intellectual detachment, and meaningless playfulness.In a quite fierce debate, critics and writers have started to call for new forms of engagement andsincerity, in order to open new spaces for artists' and intellectuals' intervention in the public sphere.Irony has often been set aside, when not explicitly condemned as a dangerously two-faced or exhaustedtool, by authors such as David Foster Wallace and Wu Ming. On the other hand, the influence of theItalian tradition of ironic writers in the 20th century (e.g. Carlo Emilio Gadda, Italo Calvino, Umberto Eco)on contemporary artists makes the current Italian context particularly complex and unique. Therefore,my project analyses the use of irony by two Italian groups of writers active across this period (the Italianpulp cannibali in the 1990s and the Wu Ming collective in the 2000s) and in one specific genre (theautofiction production by Walter Siti, Tiziano Scarpa, and Michele Mari). It poses the question: is irony stillcutting edge? It aims to prove that irony, though theoretically dismissed, persists as a philosophical andpolitical attitude, rather than a mere figure of speech. It will demonstrate, in fact, that irony beyond thepostmodern is not just a tool for undermining sincerity or to amuse the reader, but rather can function forwriters as an incisive instrument to perform consistent and effective critique in the social sphere.