The Algorithmic Crimmigrant: How does the development and diffusion of novel surveillance and security technologies impact the global criminalization

欧洲联盟为调查第一个分问题提供了一个有用的案例，该分问题涉及新的安全技术与移民政策之间的关系。目前正在开展为移民和犯罪控制目的实施自动化大规模信息系统的巨大项目，过去十年来，欧盟外部边界一直是这一领域技术创新的关键地点。最近的“移民危机”和作为英国脱欧谈判一部分的爱尔兰边境争端进一步刺激了这一领域的创新。为了实证研究第二个子问题，研究将超越迄今为止在相关学术中最突出的全球北方。全球南部仍然是一个研究不足，但非常有前途的未来研究领域。亚太地区正在迅速成为边境监视和移民管制技术的主要市场。21对该区域的审查将突出技术和政策输出的西方国家与接受的非西方国家之间的传播机制和政治动态。幸运的是，在我目前的哲学硕士论文研究中，我进行了多次采访，多次触及到基层实证研究的必要性，这使我在欧盟和欧洲国家边境机构有多个联系人。所有三个子问题的数据收集将包括文件分析和定性访谈，以及实地考察阶段的民族志观察。在我目前的哲学硕士学习期间，我接受了所有这些方法的培训。作为我的论文研究的一部分，我已经进行了广泛的欧盟立法和政策文件的文件分析，以及与欧盟官员和私人安全专业人士的精英访谈。进行研究的主要方法挑战将来自围绕私人和公共安全部门的保密性。然而，我的哲学硕士实地考察给我留下了公共和私人边境安全专业人员之间的联系。在考察非西方国家时，可能会出现语言障碍。然而，在跨国互动的背景下，英语很可能是通用弗兰卡，并在当地语言的文件进行深入研究是不太可能是必要的这项研究。因此，尽管方法上的挑战将不可避免地影响这个项目的执行，但我对它在哲学博士课程中的实际可行性充满信心。

The European Union provides a useful case for investigating the first subquestion dealing with the relationship between new security technologies and crimmigration policy. Enormous projects implementing automated large-scale information systems for migration and crime control purposes are underway, and the EU external border has been a key site for technological innovation in this field over the past decade. The recent 'migrant crisis' and ongoing Irish border dispute as part of the Brexit negotiations have further spurred innovation in this area.In order to empirically investigate the second subquestion, the research would move beyond the Global North which has thus far figured most prominently in related scholarship. The Global South remains an understudied, yet enormously promising area for future research. Asia Pacific is quickly becoming the leading market for border surveillance and immigration control technologies.21 An examination of the region would highlight mechanisms of diffusion and political dynamics between technology- and policy-exporting Western countries and recipient non-Western nations.Finally, the third subquestion must be pursued on the ground by examining the daily practices of border control officials. Fortunately, the need for ground-level empirical research was touched upon repeatedly in interviews I conducted for my current MPhil thesis research, which has left me with multiple contacts in the EU and European national border agencies.Data collection for all three subquestions will consist of document analysis and qualitative interviews, as well as ethnographic observation in the fieldwork phase. I have been trained in all of these methods during my current MPhil studies. As part of my thesis research, I have conducted extensive document analysis of EU legislation and policy papers, as well as elite interviews with EU officials and private security professionals.The main methodological challenges to conducting the research will arise from the secrecy that surrounds the private and public security sectors. However, my MPhil fieldwork has left me with contacts among both public and private border security professionals. When examining non-Western states, language barriers may arise. Yet in the context of transnational interactions, English is likely to be the lingua franca, and an in-depth examination of documents in local languages is unlikely to be necessary for this research. Therefore, although methodological challenges will inevitably influence the execution of this project, I am confident in its practical viability over the course of the DPhil program.