Living and Securitizing Parklets in San Francisco

2010年，弗朗西斯科的规划部门将两个停车位改造成一个小型休闲公园，试图增加城市的公共空间和人际互动，并支持当地企业。这个临时的人行道延伸，被称为“公园”，来刺激全市范围内，后来在全球范围内，公园建设运动。今天，公园的形式是一个全球知名的人行道改造。停车场总是公共空间，但清洁，证券化，并参加了赞助企业或组织。本研究旨在探讨旧金山弗朗西斯科公园小游园的生活经验。该研究主要关注的是执行的细节，以及安全化和“清洁”公园空间的努力的效果，对于生活和居住在公园和附近的不同社会群体（例如按阶级，种族，健全和性别区分）。我更感兴趣的是，公园如何体现、产生或并列居民对公园所在城市的想法。该研究将遵循这些主要的研究问题：o如何在旧金山弗朗西斯科公园的经验，生活和不同的人和演员的竞争？在旧金山弗朗西斯科，公园的“维护”和证券化对不同社会群体的人（沿着不同的种族、阶级、健全、甘德、住房状况和假定的商业能力）意味着什么？o关于当代人行道上证券化努力的影响，弗朗西斯科公园的生活经验传达了什么？在撰写本文时，本研究主要建立在三个学术文献的基础上。第一部分包括有关旧金山弗朗西斯科历史和当今城市景观的文献。我参与这些文献，以确保研究建立在对旧金山弗朗西斯科的历史基础上。文学的第二个主体涉及无形的空间边界的制作，操作，控制和挑战。在这里，我的目标是与学者，如唐米切尔，杰夫罗斯，乔丹营和安妮麦克林托克。这些文献被用来思考什么样的空间边界围绕，相交或受到公园空间及其居民的挑战。文学的第三个身体是用来提供理论透镜思考公园如何“思考自己”，或者换句话说，它采用什么美学。主要学者在这方面的工作包括瑞安森特纳，阿什Ghertner，和安妮特Miae金。我参与这些文献，思考公园被认为在公共人行道上扮演什么样的角色，以及感知的自我认同可能会产生什么样的后果。研究将建立在参与性观察和半结构化访谈以及口述历史的形式人种学实地考察。此外，还将分析一些档案数据，如关于公园的规划文件和公开听证会和会议的录音/记录。我还希望采访直接与公园工作的公职人员。我采用这些方法来充分了解公园是如何生活，理解和可能的竞争。我计划在整个博士学位期间参与女权主义认识论和方法。

In 2010, San Francisco's Planning Department converted two parking spots into a small leisure park in an attempt to increase public space and human interaction in the city, and support local businesses. This temporary sidewalk extension, called a 'parklet', came to spur a city-wide, and later on global, movement of parklet-building. Today, the parklet form is a globally celebrated sidewalk-remake. Parklets are always public space, yet cleaned, securitized and attended to by a sponsoring business or organization. This research aims at studying the lived experience of San Francisco's parklets. The research is primarily interested in the particulars of carrying out, and the effects of efforts to securitize and 'clean' the parklet space, for different social groups (for example differentiated by class, race, ablebodiedness and gender) that live and dwell in and nearby parklets. I am furthermore interested in how the Parklets embody, generate or juxtapose dwellers' ideas about the city the parklet appears in. The research will follow these primary research questions: o How are parklets in San Francisco experienced, lived and contested by different people and actors? o What does the 'maintenance' and securitization of parklets in San Francisco entail and result in for people of different social groups (differentiated along perceived race, class, ablebodiedness, gander, housing status and assumed commercial capability)? o What does the lived experience of parklets in San Francisco convey about the effects of securitizing efforts in the contemporary sidewalk at large? At the time of writing, this research builds on primarily three bodies of academic literature. The first includes literature on San Francisco's history and present day urban landscape. I engage with this literature to ensure that the research builds on an historically grounded understanding of San Francisco. The second body of literature engages with the making, operating, controlling, and challenging of invisible spatial boundaries. Here, I aim to engage with scholars such as Don Mitchell, Jeff Rose, Jordan Camp and Anne McClintock. This body of literature is employed to think through what spatial borders surround, intersect or are challenged by the parklet space and its dwellers. The third body of literature is employed to provide theoretical lenses for thinking about how the parklet "thinks about itself", or said differently, what aesthetics it employs. Primary scholars in this body of work include Ryan Centner, Asher Ghertner, and Annette Miae Kim. I engage with this literature to think through what role the parklet is perceived to play in the public sidewalk, and what consequences that perceived self-identity may have. The research will build on ethnographic fieldwork in the form of participatory observations and semi-structured interviews as well as oral histories. Furthermore, some archival data such as planning documents regarding parklets and recordings/minutes from public hearings and meetings will be analyzed. I additionally hope to interview public officials that work with parklets directly. I employ these methods to gain a full understanding of how parklets are lived, understood and possibly contested. I plan to engage with feminist epistemology and methods throughout the entirety of the PhD.