Elizabeth Cromwell, Lady Protectress, and Political Culture 1647-1665

我想调查一下人们对奥利弗·克伦威尔的妻子的角色的理解，以及这能揭示出政治文化，特别是权力的概念。与早期，特别是中世纪晚期的历史学家J·L·莱恩斯密和约翰·卡米·帕森斯对女王的角色提供了清晰的认识相比，17世纪初王妃的角色并没有被清晰地勾勒出来，伊丽莎白·克伦威尔夫人的角色的重要性也根本没有被考虑过。学术界对奥利弗·克伦威尔的妻子伊丽莎白·克伦威尔的兴趣一直非常有限。彼得·甘特在他的ODNB条目中概述了伊丽莎白在她丈夫晋升为保护者勋爵前后出现在公共活动中的情况，她被称为女保护者，在她丈夫去世后被称为她的殿下遗孀。他还辩称，虽然她确实出现在保皇派新闻书籍和宣传中，但当时没有人认为她有重要的政治角色，尽管她对丈夫的影响力可能有限，但没有证据支持这一点，而且她的家庭成员似乎没有通过她获得晋升。然而，即使她没有政治角色，她对保皇派宣传者来说仍然是有价值的，劳拉·伦格·克诺珀斯已经证明了这一点。她研究了据称是亨丽埃塔·玛丽亚女王和伊丽莎白·克伦威尔食谱的食谱，强调了母语对于政治权力合法化或去合法化的重要性，认为将伊丽莎白描绘为粗俗和普通是为了加强恢复的君主制。

I would like to investigate what the role of Oliver Cromwell'swife, given the title Lady Protectress, was understood to be, and what this can revealregarding political culture, particularly conceptions of power.In contrast to earlier periods, particularly late medieval history, where historians such asJ.L. Laynesmith and John Carmi Parsons have provided a clear idea of what the role of thequeen was, the role of the consort in the early seventeenth century has not been clearlyoutlined, and the significance of Elizabeth Cromwell's role of Lady Protectress has not beenconsidered at all.Academic interest in Elizabeth Cromwell, the wife of Oliver Cromwell, hasbeen very limited. In his ODNB entry, Peter Gaunt outlines Elizabeth's presence at publicevents before and after her husband's elevation to Lord Protector, and that she was styledLady Protectress, and after her husband's death as her highness dowager. He also arguesthat while she did feature in royalist newsbooks and propaganda, no one at the timeclaimed she had a significant political role, and while she may have had some limitedinfluence with her husband, there is no evidence to support this, and no member of herfamily seems to have gained advancement through her. However, even if she did not havea political role, she was still of value to royalist propagandists, as has been demonstrated byLaura Lunger Knoppers. Studying the cookbooks which purported to be the recipes ofQueen Henrietta Maria and Elizabeth Cromwell, she has highlighted the importance of domestic language for legitimising or delegitimising political power, arguing that a portrayalof Elizabeth as vulgar and common was designed to reinforce the restored monarchy.