Implicit and Explicit Attention Capture

描述（由申请人提供）：注意力捕获的问题是 理解我们的感知和我们的反应至关重要， 面对一个突出的，但以前无人注意的对象或事件。两 不同的、几乎完全不同的文献研究了这个问题。 有人测量了内隐注意力捕获的影响， 对主要任务表现的刺激。内隐夺获研究确定 注意力捕获是否发生，通过测量是否存在 一个刺激破坏（或促进）性能的注意力要求， 首要任务。这样的研究只涉及一个人的行为后果。 不相关的刺激，不系统地探讨观察者是否 意识到了捕捉刺激。其他文献明确 注意力捕获-有意识地意识到先前未预料到的 刺激。这两种方法对于完整理解 在实验室和真实的世界中。然而，孤立地说，每一个文献 忽略了捕获的关键方面。拟议的实验使用 注意力任务在先前关于注意力捕获的工作中开发， 新的范式，以确定影响外显 注意到意想不到的物体以及无关或 行为上的意外事件。在这样做时，他们解决了一些开放的问题， 这两个文献中的问题。这些研究集中在三个主要问题上：（1）什么 期望在捕获中扮演的角色？(2)批判的本质 物体或事件有助于捕获？以及（3）如何在初选中参与 任务有助于捕获？通过改变关键的、无人值守的 事件，这些研究将探讨如何捕捉是由行为的影响， 新对象的相关性。此外，通过改变初级的性质 任务和参与程度所需的科目，这些研究提供了一个 更准确地了解注意力捕捉如何在要求和 动态的情况。理想情况下，这些研究将有助于推广来自 简化的视觉搜索任务，以更复杂的，现实世界的感知，从而 从而更好地理解重要但意外的 对象通过整合隐式和显式捕获的方法， 这些研究可能有助于更好地了解这两个方面 正常和受损的注意力处理（例如，比如那些注意力集中的人 缺陷障碍）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The issue of attention capture is of fundamental importance to understanding what we perceive and how we react when confronted with a salient, but previously unattended object or event. Two distinct, and almost entirely separate, literatures have examined this issue. One has measured implicit attention capture the effects of an unattended stimulus on performance of a primary task. Implicit capture studies determine whether attention capture has occurred by measuring whether or not the presence of a stimulus disrupts (or facilitates) performance on an attention-demanding primary task. Such studies address only the behavioral consequences of an irrelevant stimulus and do not systematically explore whether or not observers are aware of the capturing stimulus. The other literature measures explicit attention capture - the conscious awareness of a previously unanticipated stimulus. Both approaches are crucial to a complete understanding of capture in the laboratory and in the real world. However, in isolation, each literature has neglected critical aspects of capture. The proposed experiments use attention tasks developed in prior work on attention capture as well as several new paradigms in order to identify the factors that influence the explicit noticing of unexpected objects as well as subtle effects of irrelevant or unexpected events on behavior. In so doing, they address a number of open issues in both literatures. The studies focus on three main questions: (1) what role do expectations play in capture? (2) how does the nature of the critical object or event contribute to capture? and (3) how does engagement in a primary task contribute to capture? By varying the nature of the critical, unattended event, these studies will explore how capture is influenced by the behavioral relevance of the new object. Moreover, by varying the nature of the primary task and the degree of engagement required of subjects, these studies provide a more accurate picture of how attention capture operates in demanding and dynamic situations. Ideally, these studies will help to generalize results from simplified visual search tasks to more complex, real-world perception, thereby leading to a better understanding of the detection of important, but unexpected objects. By integrating approaches from both the implicit and explicit capture literatures, these studies may contribute to an improved understanding of both normal and damaged attentional processing (e.g., as in people with attention deficit disorder).