The role of object-based attention in motion perception

广泛的，长期的目标是研究注意力和运动处理之间的相互作用，使人们能够有效地整合，分割，并保持一个统一的运动表面的感知。指导假设：视觉注意力主要是“基于表面的”。它针对整个表面，而不是特定的特征，便于形成被关注表面的连贯表示，同时抑制未被关注的视觉前方。这一假说还认为：即使注意力被引导到一个表面上，这是一个由自下而上的机制组合在一起的特征星座，通过从表面水平的机制到辅助它们的特征分析器的反馈连接，在较低水平的单元中间接促进了加工。目标运动处理允许利用运动后效应（MAE），这是用于测量运动刺激处理的强大工具。具体目标1.分离运动处理注意调节的易化机制的影响。这些影响的相对强度，以及它们对低层次属性的依赖性，将通过测量注意力对MAE的影响来研究。具体目标2.假设注意力对运动处理的影响，因此对MAE，是由于选择性增强整个表面，而不是特定的运动组件，将进行测试。将研究当注意力从事一个不相关的，非运动的任务上执行的刺激的一个方面，位于同一表面上的适应运动，或在一个不同的表面上时，注意力的影响的差异。具体目标3。注意力参与表面形成的假设将被检验。将使用特殊刺激，其中局部运动方向由全局表面形成修改。如果注意力参与了表面的形成，那么在适应过程中，当注意力被中央凹任务分散时，通常的全局MAE方向将改变为局部。

The broad, long-term objective is to study the interaction between attention and motion processing that enables one to efficiently integrate, segment, and maintain a unified percept of moving surfaces. The guiding hypothesis: Visual attention is primarily "surface-based". It is directed to an entire surface, not particular features, facilitating the formation of a coherent representation of the attended surface, while suppressing unattended visual front. This hypothesis also holds that: even through attention is directed to a surface, which is a constellation of features chunked together by bottom-up mechanisms, processing is indirectly facilitated in lower-level units through feedback connections from surface-level mechanisms to the feature analyzers that subserves them. Targeting motion processing allows to take advantage of the motion after-effect (MAE), a powerful tool for measuring the processing of motion stimuli. SPECIFIC AIM 1. Isolate the effects of facilitatory mechanisms responsible for attentional modulation of motion processing. The relative strength of these effects, and their dependence on the low-level properties of the attended stimuli, will be investigated by measuring attentional effects on the MAE. SPECIFIC AIM 2. The hypothesis that attentional effects on motion processing, hence on the MAE, are due to selective enhancement of an entire surface, and not particular motion components, will be tested. Differences in attentional effects will be studied when attention is engaged in an irrelevant, non-motion task performed on an aspect of the stimulus which lies on the same surface as the adaption motion, or on a distinct surface. Specific aim 3. The hypothesis that attention is involved in the formation of surfaces will be tested. Special stimuli will be used, where local motion direction is modified by global surface formations. If attention is involved in surface formation, the normally global MAE direction will change to local when attention is distracted by a foveal task during adaptation.