The "Chevaliers de la Jubilation" - Exile, Secret Societies, and Clandestine Politics in Early Eighteenth Century Holland

这项拟议的研究旨在探索一小群流亡者的生活、工作、智力和政治联系，这些流亡者在18世纪头十年逃离路易十四时期的法国前往荷兰。这四名流亡者--繁荣的马钱德、查尔斯·列维尔、伯纳德·皮卡尔和让·德·贝--在1709到1710年间离开了法国；他们逃离的原因在某种程度上仍然不清楚。他们到达荷兰后，在1710年底，这四个人都参加了一个名为“喜庆骑士团”的协会的会议(并被命名为会员)。骑士团的确切性质仍然值得商榷--解释从共济会到放荡的喧闹不一而足。在第一次会议之后的几个月里，据记录，一些骑士成员作为另一个名称为Vénéable Corps Hermétique的小组的成员举行了会议。第二年，法国兴业银行将成立，成员来自这两个较早的团体，并由此产生了《Litéraire日报》--其第一版于1713年出版。除了他们在文人共和国的关系外，该组织的成员还与重要的政治人物有联系，如欧仁·德·萨瓦亲王、霍亨多夫男爵、州议会领导人和行政长官，以及(通过约翰·托兰等人)英格兰的政客--其中许多联系的性质目前仍然不清楚。通过对这四位人物(及其亲信)的详细探讨和考虑，拟议的研究将不仅解决与该组织直接相关的问题，而且还将解决更广泛的重要问题，如作为第二次胡格诺派“胡格诺派”的一部分离开法国寻求流亡荷兰的个人的意识形态构成和动机；准文人S在文人共和国站稳脚跟所使用的方法和面临的困难；文人共和国内私人知识分子会议团体的作用和贡献；以及西班牙王位继承战争后期发生的不透明的跨国政治策略。

The proposed research aims to explore the lives, works, intellectual and political connections of a small group of exiles who fled Louis XIV's France for Holland during the first decade of the eighteenth century. The four exiles in question - Prosper Marchand, Charles Levier, Bernard Picart, and Jean De Bey - left France between 1709 and 1710; their reasons for fleeing still remain, to some degree, unclear. Following their arrival in Holland, in late 1710 all four were present at a meeting (and named as members) of a society which went by the name of the "Chevaliers de la Jubilation". The exact nature of the Chevaliers remains open to question - explanations have ranged from freemasonry to libertine rowdiness. In the months following this initial meeting some members of the Chevaliers are recorded meeting up as part of another group with the title of the Vénérable Corps hermétique. The following year a Société would form containing members from both of the earlier groups and from which the Journal litéraire would emerge - its first edition appearing in 1713. Alongside their connections within the Republic of Letters, members of the group also had connections to important political figures such as Prince Eugène de Savoie, Baron Hohendorf, leaders and administrators of the States General, and (via men such as John Toland) politicians in England - the nature of many of these connections is, once again, unclear at present. Via a detailed exploration and consideration of these four figures (and their intimates) the proposed research will address not only issues directly connected to the group, but also important broader questions concerning the ideological constitution and motivations of individuals who left France as part of this second wave of "Huguenots" to seek exile in Holland; the methods used, and the difficulties faced, by would-be lettrés in establishing themselves in the Republic of Letters; the role and contributions of private intellectual meeting groups within the Republic of Letters; and also the opaque transnational political manoeuvrings which occurred during the latter years of the War of the Spanish Succession