CANCER PREVENTION & CONTROL--MULTIDISCIPLINARY TRAINING

1997年，超过100万美国人被诊断出患有癌症，50多万美国人死于癌症。 由于生活方式和环境影响占癌症负担的很大一部分，因此癌症预防和控制工作的重要性日益得到认可。 显然，需要加大预防癌症的力度。 最近为国家癌症研究所编写的两份报告强调了在生物心理社会研究方面进行新的努力的必要性（即，癌症病因学和进展中的生物学、心理学和社会过程之间的相互作用），以及旨在增加我们对行为变化机制的理解的基础行为和社会研究中的研究倡议（例如，吸烟）从个体水平（例如，风险感知）到组（例如，家庭影响）和社会（例如，社会阶层）。 这些报告还指出，迫切需要培养一支训练有素的研究科学家队伍，他们具有必要的跨学科技能，以切实有效地解决这些复杂问题。 拟议拨款的目标是通过一个基础广泛的、多学科的、以生物行为问题为重点的癌症预防和控制博士后培训计划，促进这些研究人员的发展。 学员将具备：医学，心理学，公共卫生或相关学科的高级学位，已经证明了研究能力，并表现出对研究事业的坚定承诺。 为期两年的博士后课程将包括正式的教学培训（例如，核心课程讲座系列，高级课程，研讨会系列）和动手研究经验与正在进行的联邦资助的癌症预防和控制的研究项目下，一个经验丰富的导师的直接监护。具体目标1。 为研究生学员提供癌症预防和控制教育的多学科课程，整合生物，行为，心理和社区观点。 具体目标2。 通过亲身参与正在进行的联邦资助的研究项目，教授学员癌症预防和控制的跨学科研究方法，这些项目涉及培训教师之间的多学科合作。 具体目标3。 通过正式的指导和撰写研究论文和赠款的直接经验，在研究导师的指导下，促进学员在癌症预防和控制方面的独立研究事业的发展。

More than a million Americans were diagnosed with cancer in 1997 and more than half a million Americans died as a result of cancer. Because lifestyle and environmental influences account for a substantial portion of the cancer burden, the importance of efforts in cancer prevention and control is increasingly recognized. Clearly, increased efforts in cancer prevention are needed. Two recent reports prepared for the NCI have emphasized the need for new efforts in biopsychosocial research (i.e., the interactions among biological, psychological, and social processes in cancer etiology and progression), as well as research initiatives in basic behavioral and social research aimed at increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of behavioral change (e.g., smoking) from the individual level (e.g., risk perception) to the group (e.g., family influences) and society (e.g., social class) levels. These reports have also noted the critical need to develop a cadre of highly trained research scientists with the necessary interdisciplinary skills to effectively and efficiently address these complex issues. The goal of the proposed grant is to foster the development of such researchers through a broadly based, multidisciplinary, Postdoctoral Training Program in Cancer Prevention and Control, with an emphasis on biobehavioral issues. Trainees will have: an advanced degree in Medicine, Psychology, Public Health, or a related discipline, have demonstrated research abilities, and shown a strong commitment to a research career. The two year postdoctoral program will include both formal didactic training (e.g., a Core Curriculum lecture series, advanced courses, seminar series) and hand-on research experience with an ongoing federally-funded research project in Cancer Prevention and Control under the direct tutelage of an experienced Preceptor. Specific Aim 1. To provide postgraduate trainees with a multidisciplinary curriculum for education in Cancer Prevention and Control that integrates biological, behavioral, psychological, and community perspectives. Specific Aim 2. To teach trainees interdisciplinary research approaches in Cancer Prevention and Control through hands-on participation in ongoing federally-funded research programs involving multidisciplinary collaboration among the training faculty. Specific Aim 3. To foster the development of independent research careers in Cancer Prevention and Control among trainees through both formal instruction and direct experience with writing research papers and grants, with the guidance of their research mentors.