Absorption mechanisms for peptide/protein drugs via lung

描述（由申请人提供）：由于胃和肠消化酶的降解，新生物工程肽/蛋白质药物的口服给药通常无效。作为此类蛋白质/肽类药物全身吸收的替代途径，经皮给药已显示出相当大的潜力。在这个提议中，我们的长期目标是阐明各种类型的肽/蛋白质药物在肺泡上皮（提供了巨大的表面积和相对较低的蛋白酶活性）中的吸收机制。尽管在动物研究中蛋白质/肽类药物的肺部给药已显示出比口服给药产生更好的生物利用度，但迄今为止吸收机制和途径大多不明确。许多与生物工程相关的问题与肺部给药有关，包括特定药物的制剂、给药方式和转运机制。其中，我们将研究各种运输机制，促进跨肺泡上皮细胞的肽/蛋白质药物的吸收，使用培养的大鼠和人肺泡上皮细胞单层作为体外模型，并将关键的体外研究结果在体内大鼠肺研究。待探索的模型蛋白质/肽的范围从寡肽到具有生物学重要性的蛋白质（例如，降钙素、胰岛素、粒细胞集落刺激因子和人生长激素）。我们的研究计划分为三个主要项目：i）研究跨细胞转运机制（例如，流体相、受体介导和/或吸附性转胞作用）用于模型药物穿过肺泡上皮屏障的吸收，ii）阐明了通过细胞旁和/或跨细胞途径增强蛋白质/肽药物的肺泡上皮吸收的策略（例如，屏障性质的瞬时改变），和iii）研究增强的受体介导的大分子药物的转胞吞作用（例如，在存在反式高尔基体破坏物的情况下与转铁蛋白缀合）。几个不同的生物医学研究实验室之间的肺部蛋白质/肽类药物吸收的合作调查，利用不同的实验方法跨越细胞生物学的生物工程/生理学，有望成功地提供相关信息，推进实用的方法，肺部药物输送。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Oral administration of newly bioengineered peptide/protein drugs is often ineffective due to degradation by gastric and intestinal digestive enzymes. As an alternative route for systemic absorption of such protein/ peptide drugs, transpulmonary delivery has shown considerable potential. In this proposal, our long-term goals are to elucidate the mechanisms for absorption of various classes of peptide/protein drugs across the alveolar epithelium (that affords a vast surface area and relatively low protease activity). Although pulmonary delivery of protein / peptide drugs in animal studies has been shown to yield much better bioavailability compared to oral delivery, absorption mechanisms and pathways are mostly undefined to date. Many bioengineering-related issues are associated with pulmonary drug delivery, including formulation of specific drugs, modes of delivery and transport mechanisms. Of these, we will investigate various transport mechanisms that facilitate absorption of peptide/protein drugs across alveolar epithelium, using cultured rat and human alveolar epithelial cell monolayers as in vitro models, and will extend key in vitro findings to in vivo rat lung studies. Model proteins/peptides to be explored range from oligopeptides to proteins of biological importance (e.g., calcitonin, insulin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and human growth hormone). Our research plan is subdivided into three major projects: i) investigate transcellular transport mechanisms (e.g., fluid-phase, receptor-mediated and/or adsorptive transcytosis) for absorption of model drugs across the alveolar epithelial barrier, ii) elucidate strategies for enhancement of alveolar epithelial absorption of protein/peptide drugs via paracellular and/or transcellular routes (e.g., transient alteration of barrier properties), and iii) study enhanced receptor-mediated transcytosis of macromolecule drugs (e.g., conjugation with transferrin in the presence of trans-Golgi disruptors). The collaborative investigation of pulmonary protein/peptide drug absorption among several different biomedical research laboratories, utilizing different experimental approaches spanning cell biology to bioengineering/physiology, promises success in providing pertinent information on advancing practical approaches to pulmonary drug delivery.