The role of the reasonableness concept in the pre-trial jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights

合理性概念是一个普遍存在于刑法领域的概念，特别是以“理性人”的客观标准的形式存在。它还在审前拘留阶段发挥关键和未被探索的作用，在国内和欧洲人权法院两级都是如此。鉴于人们日益认识到过度使用审前拘留对人权造成的危害，本项目的目的是探讨“合理性”一词的由来和理论，并追踪欧洲委员会国内法院和欧洲人权法院在审前拘留申诉中随后和不断发展的使用情况。重要的是，该项目将包括对欧洲委员会两个国家的实地研究，以及对欧洲人权法院法官的半结构化访谈，以检验文件研究的初步结果，并查明在实际使用这一概念方面的任何问题。最后，本论文将分析在刑事司法系统中使用合理性概念的含义，并探讨其在法院相关法理中的应用方式和一致性。工作时间表第1部分：合理性一词含义的理论。第2章：合理性一词的由来及其后来和发展中在欧洲人权法院审前拘留申诉中的使用。-预期完成：到第3款第2部分将分为三节，审查法院如何在第5条的三个关键方面采用合理性概念：一.第三章：合理怀疑(第5条第1款(C)项)；二、第四章：在合理时间内进行审判(第5条第3款)；第5章：审前羁押的合理性(第53条第3款).首先，我将以判例法分析为基础，从法律角度出发，运用社会学方法，通过法院判例中该原则的历史发展，回顾该原则的产生和发展。第二，一旦我确定了法院在这三种情况下所采用的一般框架，我将对照其判例法中的实例对其进行检验，以确定是否以连贯一致的方式适用这一概念。将在整个过程中考虑法院在评估合理性时服从缔约国的程度和方式。-预期完成：到第3条第3部分第6章：47个欧洲委员会国家在预审阶段使用“合理性”原则。-预期完成：到第4条第4和第5部分将分析在欧洲委员会两个国家进行的实地研究的结果；理想情况下，这将涉及一个具有编纂刑法制度的后苏联制度和一个对比鲜明的国家，最好是普通法国家。我的法语、俄语和西班牙语技能将在整个项目中协助实地工作和研究任务。第4章第7章：分析欧洲委员会两个国家的实地研究。-预计完成：第2/3年。第5章：对欧洲人权法院法官的半结构化访谈分析。-预计完成：第2/3年。

The concept of reasonableness is one that pervades the criminal law field, in particular in the form of the objective standard of the 'reasonable person'. It also plays a key and unexplored role at the pre-trial detention stage, both at thedomestic and the European Court of Human Rights levels. In light of the growing recognition of the human rights harms stemming from the overuse of pre-trial detention, the purpose of this project is to explore the origins and theory ofthe term 'reasonableness', and track its subsequent and developing use by domestic courts across the Council of Europe and by the European Court of Human Rights in pretrial detention claims. The project will, importantly, include field research in two Council of Europe States, as well as semi-structured interviews with European Court of Human Rights judges, to test the preliminary findings of the documentary research and identify any issues in the practical use of the concept. Ultimately, the thesis will analyse the implications of the use of the reasonableness concept in criminal justice systems, and explore the manner and consistency of its application in the Court's related jurisprudence.Schedule of workPart 1Chapter 1: theory of the meaning of the term 'reasonableness'.Chapter 2: origins of the term 'reasonableness' and its subsequent and developing use in pre-trial detention claims by the European Court of Human Rights.- Expected completion: by term 3.Part 2Part 2 will be divided into three sections, to review how the Court employs the notion of reasonableness in three key aspects of Article 5:i. Chapter 3: reasonable suspicion (Article 5 1(c));ii. Chapter 4: trial within a reasonable time (Article 5 3);andiii. Chapter 5: reasonableness of pre-trial detention (Article 5 3).First, I will review the doctrine from its inception through its historical development in the Court's jurisprudence, through a legal perspective based on analysis of the case-law, as well as using sociological approaches. Second, once I haveestablished the general framework that the Court employs in each of the three contexts, I will test it against examples in its case-law to determine whether or not the notion is being applied in a coherent and consistent manner. The extent to, and manner in, which the Court defers to Contracting States in its assessment of reasonableness will be considered throughout.- Expected completion: by term 3.Part 3Chapter 6: use of the 'reasonableness' doctrine by the 47 Council of Europe States at the pre-trial stage.- Expected completion: by term 4.Parts 4 and 5 will analyse the results of field research conducted in two Council of Europe States; ideally, this would involve one post-Soviet system with a codified criminal law system and a contrasting, preferably common law, state. My French, Russian and Spanish language skills will assist in fieldwork and research tasks throughout the project.Part 4Chapter 7: analysis of field research in two Council of Europe States.- Expected completion: by year 2/3.Part 5Chapter 8: analysis of semi-structured interviews with European Court of Human Rights judges.- Expected completion: by year 2/3.